diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 49085c76f..6e7b4027c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # 🦞 OpenClaw — Personal AI Assistant
 
+English | [简体中文](README.zh-CN.md)
+
 <p align="center">
     <picture>
         <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openclaw/openclaw/main/docs/assets/openclaw-logo-text-dark.png">
diff --git a/README.zh-CN.md b/README.zh-CN.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d2eb2c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.zh-CN.md
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# 🦞 OpenClaw CN — 个人 AI 助手 (中文增强版)
+
+<p align="center">
+    <picture>
+        <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openclaw/openclaw/main/docs/assets/openclaw-logo-text-dark.png">
+        <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openclaw/openclaw/main/docs/assets/openclaw-logo-text.png" alt="OpenClaw" width="500">
+    </picture>
+</p>
+
+**OpenClaw CN** 是 OpenClaw 的中文增强版本，为中国用户提供更好的使用体验，并集成了国内主流的通信渠道和大模型提供商。
+
+## 🎯 特性增强
+
+### 🇨🇳 全面中文化
+- ✅ **Web UI 汉化**：完整的中文用户界面
+- ✅ **中文文档**：安装指南、配置说明和使用教程
+- ✅ **本地化体验**：针对中文用户优化的交互设计
+
+### 🤖 新增大模型支持
+- ✅ **DeepSeek**：完整支持 DeepSeek API
+  - `deepseek-chat` (V3.2 非思考模式)
+  - `deepseek-reasoner` (V3.2 思考模式)
+  - 完全兼容 OpenAI API 格式
+  - 极具竞争力的价格
+
+### 💬 新增通信渠道
+
+#### 已实现
+- 🔵 **企业渠道**（基于官方 API）
+  - 钉钉 (DingTalk)
+  - 飞书 (Feishu/Lark)
+  - 企业微信 (WeChat Work)
+
+#### 计划中
+- 🟡 **个人渠道**（基于 OneBot 协议）
+  - 微信（通过 OneBot 适配器如 Gewechat）
+  - QQ（通过 OneBot 适配器如 NapCatQQ）
+  - 华为畅连（开发中）
+
+> **注意**：个人微信和 QQ 需要运行独立的 OneBot 客户端。推荐方案：
+> - **QQ**: [NapCatQQ](https://github.com/NapNeko/NapCatQQ), [Lagrange](https://github.com/LagrangeDev/Lagrange.Core)
+> - **微信**: [Gewechat](https://github.com/Devo919/Gewechat)
+
+## 核心功能 (继承自 OpenClaw)
+
+- **多渠道消息支持**：连接 WhatsApp、Telegram、Slack、Discord、Google Chat、Signal、iMessage、WebChat 等
+- **本地优先网关**：统一的控制平面，管理会话、渠道、工具和事件
+- **语音唤醒与对话**：支持 macOS/iOS/Android 上的语音交互
+- **实时画布**：代理驱动的可视化工作空间
+- **浏览器控制**：通过 Chrome/Chromium 实现网页自动化
+- **技能平台**：可扩展的技能系统，支持自定义工具
+
+[完整功能列表](https://docs.openclaw.ai)
+
+## 快速开始
+
+### 环境要求
+- **Node.js** ≥ 22
+- **操作系统**: macOS, Linux, Windows (推荐 WSL2)
+
+### 安装
+
+```bash
+npm install -g openclaw@latest
+
+# 运行安装向导（推荐）
+openclaw onboard --install-daemon
+```
+
+### DeepSeek 配置示例
+
+在 `~/.openclaw/openclaw.json` 中添加：
+
+```json
+{
+  "models": {
+    "providers": {
+      "deepseek": {
+        "baseUrl": "https://api.deepseek.com/v1",
+        "apiKey": "${DEEPSEEK_API_KEY}",
+        "api": "openai-responses",
+        "models": [
+          {
+            "id": "deepseek-chat",
+            "name": "DeepSeek Chat",
+            "contextWindow": 64000,
+            "maxTokens": 8000
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "deepseek-reasoner",
+            "name": "DeepSeek Reasoner (思考模式)",
+            "reasoning": true,
+            "contextWindow": 64000,
+            "maxTokens": 8000
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "agent": {
+    "model": "deepseek/deepseek-chat"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+或使用环境变量：
+
+```bash
+export DEEPSEEK_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxx
+```
+
+### 启动网关
+
+```bash
+# 启动网关
+openclaw gateway --port 18789 --verbose
+
+# 发送消息
+openclaw agent --message "你好，请介绍一下自己" --model deepseek/deepseek-chat
+```
+
+## 文档
+
+- 📘 [DeepSeek 配置指南](docs/zh-CN/deepseek-guide.md)
+- 📘 [钉钉配置指南](docs/zh-CN/dingtalk-guide.md) *(即将推出)*
+- 📘 [飞书配置指南](docs/zh-CN/feishu-guide.md) *(即将推出)*
+- 📘 [官方文档](https://docs.openclaw.ai) (英文)
+
+## 价格优势
+
+DeepSeekV3.2 定价（/百万 tokens）：
+
+| 模型 | 输入 | 输出 | 缓存读 | 缓存写 |
+|------|------|------|--------|--------|
+| deepseek-chat | $0.14 | $0.28 | $0.014 | $0.14 |
+| deepseek-reasoner | $0.55 | $2.19 | - | - |
+
+**相比 Claude 和 GPT 系列，DeepSeek 价格仅为其几分之一，同时性能优异！**
+
+## 安全性
+
+- **默认安全**：DM 配对机制，未知发送者需要批准
+- **沙箱模式**：支持 Docker 沙箱运行非主会话
+- **权限控制**：基于白名单的渠道访问控制
+
+详见 [安全指南](https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/security)
+
+## 贡献
+
+欢迎提交 Pull Request！查看 [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) 了解贡献指南。
+
+## 开源协议
+
+MIT License - 详见 [LICENSE](LICENSE)
+
+## 致谢
+
+- 感谢 [OpenClaw 官方团队](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw)
+- 感谢 Peter Steinberger 和社区贡献者
+- 特别感谢 DeepSeek 提供优秀的开源大模型
+
+## 链接
+
+- [OpenClaw 官网](https://openclaw.ai)
+- [官方文档](https://docs.openclaw.ai)
+- [Discord 社区](https://discord.gg/clawd)
+- [GitHub 仓库](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw)
+
+---
+
+**⚠️ 注意**: 本项目是 OpenClaw 的社区增强版本，主要面向中文用户。如需使用原版 OpenClaw，请访问 [官方仓库](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw)。
diff --git a/docs/examples/deepseek.json b/docs/examples/deepseek.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..140fa5086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/examples/deepseek.json
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+    "models": {
+        "providers": {
+            "deepseek": {
+                "baseUrl": "https://api.deepseek.com/v1",
+                "apiKey": "${DEEPSEEK_API_KEY}",
+                "api": "openai-responses",
+                "models": [
+                    {
+                        "id": "deepseek-chat",
+                        "name": "Deep Seek Chat (V3.2 非思考模式)",
+                        "contextWindow": 64000,
+                        "maxTokens": 8000,
+                        "cost": {
+                            "input": 0.14,
+                            "output": 0.28,
+                            "cacheRead": 0.014,
+                            "cacheWrite": 0.14
+                        },
+                        "compat": {
+                            "supportsStore": false
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "id": "deepseek-reasoner",
+                        "name": "DeepSeek Reasoner (V3.2 思考模式)",
+                        "reasoning": true,
+                        "contextWindow": 64000,
+                        "maxTokens": 8000,
+                        "cost": {
+                            "input": 0.55,
+                            "output": 2.19
+                        },
+                        "compat": {
+                            "supportsStore": false,
+                            "supportsReasoningEffort": true
+                        }
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/deepseek-guide.md b/docs/zh-CN/deepseek-guide.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfd9c4c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/zh-CN/deepseek-guide.md
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# DeepSeek 大模型配置指南
+
+本文档说明如何在 OpenClaw 中配置 DeepSeek API。
+
+## 获取 API 密钥
+1. 访问 [DeepSeek 开放平台](https://platform.deepseek.com/)
+2. 注册并登录您的账户
+3. 在 API Keys 页面创建新的 API 密钥
+
+## 配置步骤
+
+### 方式一：环境变量
+在您的环境中设置 `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY`：
+
+```bash
+export DEEPSEEK_API_KEY=sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+```
+
+### 方式二：配置文件
+在 `~/.openclaw/openclaw.json` 中添加以下配置：
+
+```json
+{
+  "models": {
+    "providers": {
+      "deepseek": {
+        "baseUrl": "https://api.deepseek.com/v1",
+        "apiKey": "sk-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
+        "api": "openai-responses",
+        "models": [
+          {
+            "id": "deepseek-chat",
+            "name": "DeepSeek Chat (V3.2)",
+            "contextWindow": 64000,
+            "maxTokens": 8000
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "deepseek-reasoner",
+            "name": "DeepSeek Reasoner (V3.2 思考模式)",
+            "reasoning": true,
+            "contextWindow": 64000,
+            "maxTokens": 8000
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 使用模型
+
+配置完成后，您可以在 OpenClaw 中使用以下模型标识符：
+
+- `deepseek/deepseek-chat` - 标准对话模型（无思考模式）
+- `deepseek/deepseek-reasoner` - 推理模型（启用思考模式）
+
+示例：
+
+```bash
+openclaw chat --model deepseek/deepseek-chat "你好，请介绍一下自己"
+```
+
+## 定价说明
+
+DeepSeek V3.2 定价（以每百万 tokens 计）：
+
+**deepseek-chat** (非思考模式):
+- 输入：$0.14/M tokens
+- 输出：$0.28/M tokens  
+- 缓存读取：$0.014/M tokens
+- 缓存写入：$0.14/M tokens
+
+**deepseek-reasoner** (思考模式):
+- 输入：$0.55/M tokens
+- 输出：$2.19/M tokens
+
+## 注意事项
+
+1. DeepSeek API 完全兼容 OpenAI API 格式
+2. 推荐使用 `deepseek-chat` 进行日常对话
+3. 对于复杂推理任务，使用 `deepseek-reasoner`
+
+## 故障排查
+
+如果遇到问题，请检查：
+1. API 密钥是否正确设置
+2. 网络是否能访问 `api.deepseek.com`
+3. 配置文件 JSON 格式是否正确
+
+更多信息请访问 [DeepSeek API 文档](https://platform.deepseek.com/docs)。
diff --git a/src/agents/auth-health.ts b/src/agents/auth-health.ts
index 4f281b7bb..29bcabffc 100644
--- a/src/agents/auth-health.ts
+++ b/src/agents/auth-health.ts
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ export function resolveAuthProfileSource(_profileId: string): AuthProfileSource
 }
 
 export function formatRemainingShort(remainingMs?: number): string {
-  if (remainingMs === undefined || Number.isNaN(remainingMs)) return "unknown";
-  if (remainingMs <= 0) return "0m";
+  if (remainingMs === undefined || Number.isNaN(remainingMs)) return "未知";
+  if (remainingMs <= 0) return "0分";
   const minutes = Math.max(1, Math.round(remainingMs / 60_000));
-  if (minutes < 60) return `${minutes}m`;
+  if (minutes < 60) return `${minutes}分`;
   const hours = Math.round(minutes / 60);
-  if (hours < 48) return `${hours}h`;
+  if (hours < 48) return `${hours}小时`;
   const days = Math.round(hours / 24);
-  return `${days}d`;
+  return `${days}天`;
 }
 
 function resolveOAuthStatus(
diff --git a/src/commands/configure.daemon.ts b/src/commands/configure.daemon.ts
index c0431c9f1..84ff08f27 100644
--- a/src/commands/configure.daemon.ts
+++ b/src/commands/configure.daemon.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
 import { guardCancel } from "./onboard-helpers.js";
 import { ensureSystemdUserLingerInteractive } from "./systemd-linger.js";
 import { loadConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { t } from "../wizard/i18n.js";
 
 export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
   runtime: RuntimeEnv;
@@ -27,11 +28,11 @@ export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
   if (loaded) {
     const action = guardCancel(
       await select({
-        message: "Gateway service already installed",
+        message: t("configure.daemon.alreadyInstalled"),
         options: [
-          { value: "restart", label: "Restart" },
-          { value: "reinstall", label: "Reinstall" },
-          { value: "skip", label: "Skip" },
+          { value: "restart", label: t("configure.daemon.restart") },
+          { value: "reinstall", label: t("configure.daemon.reinstall") },
+          { value: "skip", label: t("configure.daemon.skip") },
         ],
       }),
       params.runtime,
@@ -40,12 +41,12 @@ export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
       await withProgress(
         { label: "Gateway service", indeterminate: true, delayMs: 0 },
         async (progress) => {
-          progress.setLabel("Restarting Gateway service…");
+          progress.setLabel(t("configure.daemon.restarting"));
           await service.restart({
             env: process.env,
             stdout: process.stdout,
           });
-          progress.setLabel("Gateway service restarted.");
+          progress.setLabel(t("configure.daemon.restarted"));
         },
       );
       shouldCheckLinger = true;
@@ -56,9 +57,9 @@ export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
       await withProgress(
         { label: "Gateway service", indeterminate: true, delayMs: 0 },
         async (progress) => {
-          progress.setLabel("Uninstalling Gateway service…");
+          progress.setLabel(t("configure.daemon.uninstalling"));
           await service.uninstall({ env: process.env, stdout: process.stdout });
-          progress.setLabel("Gateway service uninstalled.");
+          progress.setLabel(t("configure.daemon.uninstalled"));
         },
       );
     }
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
       } else {
         daemonRuntime = guardCancel(
           await select({
-            message: "Gateway service runtime",
+            message: t("configure.daemon.selectRuntime"),
             options: GATEWAY_DAEMON_RUNTIME_OPTIONS,
             initialValue: DEFAULT_GATEWAY_DAEMON_RUNTIME,
           }),
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
     await withProgress(
       { label: "Gateway service", indeterminate: true, delayMs: 0 },
       async (progress) => {
-        progress.setLabel("Preparing Gateway service…");
+        progress.setLabel(t("configure.daemon.preparing"));
 
         const cfg = loadConfig();
         const { programArguments, workingDirectory, environment } = await buildGatewayInstallPlan({
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
           config: cfg,
         });
 
-        progress.setLabel("Installing Gateway service…");
+        progress.setLabel(t("configure.daemon.installing"));
         try {
           await service.install({
             env: process.env,
@@ -104,15 +105,15 @@ export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
             workingDirectory,
             environment,
           });
-          progress.setLabel("Gateway service installed.");
+          progress.setLabel(t("configure.daemon.installed"));
         } catch (err) {
           installError = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-          progress.setLabel("Gateway service install failed.");
+          progress.setLabel(t("configure.daemon.installFailed"));
         }
       },
     );
     if (installError) {
-      note("Gateway service install failed: " + installError, "Gateway");
+      note(t("configure.daemon.installFailedNote") + installError, "Gateway");
       note(gatewayInstallErrorHint(), "Gateway");
       return;
     }
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ export async function maybeInstallDaemon(params: {
         note,
       },
       reason:
-        "Linux installs use a systemd user service. Without lingering, systemd stops the user session on logout/idle and kills the Gateway.",
+        t("configure.daemon.lingerReason"),
       requireConfirm: true,
     });
   }
diff --git a/src/commands/configure.gateway-auth.ts b/src/commands/configure.gateway-auth.ts
index 508ed6cf0..88b4c04bf 100644
--- a/src/commands/configure.gateway-auth.ts
+++ b/src/commands/configure.gateway-auth.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   promptDefaultModel,
   promptModelAllowlist,
 } from "./model-picker.js";
+import { t } from "../wizard/i18n.js";
 
 type GatewayAuthChoice = "token" | "password";
 
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ export async function promptAuthConfig(
     prompter,
     allowedKeys: anthropicOAuth ? ANTHROPIC_OAUTH_MODEL_KEYS : undefined,
     initialSelections: anthropicOAuth ? ["anthropic/claude-opus-4-5"] : undefined,
-    message: anthropicOAuth ? "Anthropic OAuth models" : undefined,
+    message: anthropicOAuth ? t("configure.auth.anthropicOAuthModels") : undefined,
   });
   if (allowlistSelection.models) {
     next = applyModelAllowlist(next, allowlistSelection.models);
diff --git a/src/commands/configure.gateway.ts b/src/commands/configure.gateway.ts
index 9b66a7b34..8b209b49b 100644
--- a/src/commands/configure.gateway.ts
+++ b/src/commands/configure.gateway.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { findTailscaleBinary } from "../infra/tailscale.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
 import { note } from "../terminal/note.js";
 import { buildGatewayAuthConfig } from "./configure.gateway-auth.js";
+import { t } from "../wizard/i18n.js";
 import { confirm, select, text } from "./configure.shared.js";
 import { guardCancel, randomToken } from "./onboard-helpers.js";
 
@@ -19,9 +20,9 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
 }> {
   const portRaw = guardCancel(
     await text({
-      message: "Gateway port",
+      message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.port"),
       initialValue: String(resolveGatewayPort(cfg)),
-      validate: (value) => (Number.isFinite(Number(value)) ? undefined : "Invalid port"),
+      validate: (value) => (Number.isFinite(Number(value)) ? undefined : t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.invalidPort")),
     }),
     runtime,
   );
@@ -29,31 +30,31 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
 
   let bind = guardCancel(
     await select({
-      message: "Gateway bind mode",
+      message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.bind"),
       options: [
         {
           value: "loopback",
-          label: "Loopback (Local only)",
-          hint: "Bind to 127.0.0.1 - secure, local-only access",
+          label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindLoopback"),
+          hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.bindLoopbackHint") || "Bind to 127.0.0.1 - secure, local-only access",
         },
         {
           value: "tailnet",
-          label: "Tailnet (Tailscale IP)",
-          hint: "Bind to your Tailscale IP only (100.x.x.x)",
+          label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindTailnet"),
+          hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.bindTailnetHint") || "Bind to your Tailscale IP only (100.x.x.x)",
         },
         {
           value: "auto",
-          label: "Auto (Loopback → LAN)",
+          label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindAuto"),
           hint: "Prefer loopback; fall back to all interfaces if unavailable",
         },
         {
           value: "lan",
-          label: "LAN (All interfaces)",
-          hint: "Bind to 0.0.0.0 - accessible from anywhere on your network",
+          label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindLan"),
+          hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.bindLanHint") || "Bind to 0.0.0.0 - accessible from anywhere on your network",
         },
         {
           value: "custom",
-          label: "Custom IP",
+          label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindCustom"),
           hint: "Specify a specific IP address, with 0.0.0.0 fallback if unavailable",
         },
       ],
@@ -65,13 +66,13 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
   if (bind === "custom") {
     const input = guardCancel(
       await text({
-        message: "Custom IP address",
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.customIp"),
         placeholder: "192.168.1.100",
         validate: (value) => {
-          if (!value) return "IP address is required for custom bind mode";
+          if (!value) return t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.customIpRequired");
           const trimmed = value.trim();
           const parts = trimmed.split(".");
-          if (parts.length !== 4) return "Invalid IPv4 address (e.g., 192.168.1.100)";
+          if (parts.length !== 4) return t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.invalidIp") + " (e.g., 192.168.1.100)";
           if (
             parts.every((part) => {
               const n = parseInt(part, 10);
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
             })
           )
             return undefined;
-          return "Invalid IPv4 address (each octet must be 0-255)";
+          return t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.invalidIpOctet");
         },
       }),
       runtime,
@@ -89,10 +90,10 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
 
   let authMode = guardCancel(
     await select({
-      message: "Gateway auth",
+      message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.auth"),
       options: [
-        { value: "token", label: "Token", hint: "Recommended default" },
-        { value: "password", label: "Password" },
+        { value: "token", label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authToken"), hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authTokenHint") },
+        { value: "password", label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authPassword") },
       ],
       initialValue: "token",
     }),
@@ -101,18 +102,18 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
 
   const tailscaleMode = guardCancel(
     await select({
-      message: "Tailscale exposure",
+      message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsExposure"),
       options: [
-        { value: "off", label: "Off", hint: "No Tailscale exposure" },
+        { value: "off", label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsOff"), hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsOffHint") },
         {
           value: "serve",
-          label: "Serve",
-          hint: "Private HTTPS for your tailnet (devices on Tailscale)",
+          label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsServe"),
+          hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsServeHint"),
         },
         {
           value: "funnel",
-          label: "Funnel",
-          hint: "Public HTTPS via Tailscale Funnel (internet)",
+          label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsFunnel"),
+          hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsFunnelHint"),
         },
       ],
     }),
@@ -124,14 +125,8 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
     const tailscaleBin = await findTailscaleBinary();
     if (!tailscaleBin) {
       note(
-        [
-          "Tailscale binary not found in PATH or /Applications.",
-          "Ensure Tailscale is installed from:",
-          "  https://tailscale.com/download/mac",
-          "",
-          "You can continue setup, but serve/funnel will fail at runtime.",
-        ].join("\n"),
-        "Tailscale Warning",
+        t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsNotFound"),
+        t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsWarningTitle"),
       );
     }
   }
@@ -147,7 +142,7 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
     tailscaleResetOnExit = Boolean(
       guardCancel(
         await confirm({
-          message: "Reset Tailscale serve/funnel on exit?",
+          message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsResetConfirm"),
           initialValue: false,
         }),
         runtime,
@@ -156,12 +151,12 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
   }
 
   if (tailscaleMode !== "off" && bind !== "loopback") {
-    note("Tailscale requires bind=loopback. Adjusting bind to loopback.", "Note");
+    note(t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsAdjustBind"), "Note");
     bind = "loopback";
   }
 
   if (tailscaleMode === "funnel" && authMode !== "password") {
-    note("Tailscale funnel requires password auth.", "Note");
+    note(t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsFunnelAuth"), "Note");
     authMode = "password";
   }
 
@@ -172,7 +167,7 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
   if (authMode === "token") {
     const tokenInput = guardCancel(
       await text({
-        message: "Gateway token (blank to generate)",
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tokenPlaceholder"),
         initialValue: randomToken(),
       }),
       runtime,
@@ -183,8 +178,8 @@ export async function promptGatewayConfig(
   if (authMode === "password") {
     const password = guardCancel(
       await text({
-        message: "Gateway password",
-        validate: (value) => (value?.trim() ? undefined : "Required"),
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.passwordLabel"),
+        validate: (value) => (value?.trim() ? undefined : t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.passwordRequired")),
       }),
       runtime,
     );
diff --git a/src/commands/configure.shared.ts b/src/commands/configure.shared.ts
index bc89529d8..35002a745 100644
--- a/src/commands/configure.shared.ts
+++ b/src/commands/configure.shared.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
 } from "@clack/prompts";
 
 import { stylePromptHint, stylePromptMessage, stylePromptTitle } from "../terminal/prompt-style.js";
+import { t } from "../wizard/i18n.js";
 
 export const CONFIGURE_WIZARD_SECTIONS = [
   "workspace",
@@ -33,27 +34,27 @@ export const CONFIGURE_SECTION_OPTIONS: Array<{
   label: string;
   hint: string;
 }> = [
-  { value: "workspace", label: "Workspace", hint: "Set workspace + sessions" },
-  { value: "model", label: "Model", hint: "Pick provider + credentials" },
-  { value: "web", label: "Web tools", hint: "Configure Brave search + fetch" },
-  { value: "gateway", label: "Gateway", hint: "Port, bind, auth, tailscale" },
-  {
-    value: "daemon",
-    label: "Daemon",
-    hint: "Install/manage the background service",
-  },
-  {
-    value: "channels",
-    label: "Channels",
-    hint: "Link WhatsApp/Telegram/etc and defaults",
-  },
-  { value: "skills", label: "Skills", hint: "Install/enable workspace skills" },
-  {
-    value: "health",
-    label: "Health check",
-    hint: "Run gateway + channel checks",
-  },
-];
+    { value: "workspace", label: t("configure.sections.workspace"), hint: t("configure.sections.workspaceHint") },
+    { value: "model", label: t("configure.sections.model"), hint: t("configure.sections.modelHint") },
+    { value: "web", label: t("configure.sections.web"), hint: t("configure.sections.webHint") },
+    { value: "gateway", label: t("configure.sections.gateway"), hint: t("configure.sections.gatewayHint") },
+    {
+      value: "daemon",
+      label: t("configure.sections.daemon"),
+      hint: t("configure.sections.daemonHint"),
+    },
+    {
+      value: "channels",
+      label: t("configure.sections.channels"),
+      hint: t("configure.sections.channelsHint"),
+    },
+    { value: "skills", label: t("configure.sections.skills"), hint: t("configure.sections.skillsHint") },
+    {
+      value: "health",
+      label: t("configure.sections.health"),
+      hint: t("configure.sections.healthHint"),
+    },
+  ];
 
 export const intro = (message: string) => clackIntro(stylePromptTitle(message) ?? message);
 export const outro = (message: string) => clackOutro(stylePromptTitle(message) ?? message);
diff --git a/src/commands/configure.wizard.ts b/src/commands/configure.wizard.ts
index 505fb7760..23159bc22 100644
--- a/src/commands/configure.wizard.ts
+++ b/src/commands/configure.wizard.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { note } from "../terminal/note.js";
 import { resolveUserPath } from "../utils.js";
 import { createClackPrompter } from "../wizard/clack-prompter.js";
 import { WizardCancelledError } from "../wizard/prompts.js";
+import { t } from "../wizard/i18n.js";
 import { removeChannelConfigWizard } from "./configure.channels.js";
 import { maybeInstallDaemon } from "./configure.daemon.js";
 import { promptGatewayConfig } from "./configure.gateway.js";
@@ -51,13 +52,13 @@ async function promptConfigureSection(
 ): Promise<ConfigureSectionChoice> {
   return guardCancel(
     await select<ConfigureSectionChoice>({
-      message: "Select sections to configure",
+      message: t("configure.sections.title"),
       options: [
         ...CONFIGURE_SECTION_OPTIONS,
         {
           value: "__continue",
-          label: "Continue",
-          hint: hasSelection ? "Done" : "Skip for now",
+          label: t("configure.sections.continue"),
+          hint: hasSelection ? t("configure.sections.continueHint") : t("configure.sections.skipHint"),
         },
       ],
       initialValue: CONFIGURE_SECTION_OPTIONS[0]?.value,
@@ -69,17 +70,17 @@ async function promptConfigureSection(
 async function promptChannelMode(runtime: RuntimeEnv): Promise<ChannelsWizardMode> {
   return guardCancel(
     await select({
-      message: "Channels",
+      message: t("configure.sections.channels"),
       options: [
         {
           value: "configure",
-          label: "Configure/link",
-          hint: "Add/update channels; disable unselected accounts",
+          label: t("configure.channels.configure"),
+          hint: t("configure.channels.configureHint"),
         },
         {
           value: "remove",
-          label: "Remove channel config",
-          hint: "Delete channel tokens/settings from openclaw.json",
+          label: t("configure.channels.remove"),
+          hint: t("configure.channels.removeHint"),
         },
       ],
       initialValue: "configure",
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ async function promptWebToolsConfig(
 
   const enableSearch = guardCancel(
     await confirm({
-      message: "Enable web_search (Brave Search)?",
+      message: t("configure.web.enableSearch"),
       initialValue: existingSearch?.enabled ?? hasSearchKey,
     }),
     runtime,
@@ -122,9 +123,9 @@ async function promptWebToolsConfig(
     const keyInput = guardCancel(
       await text({
         message: hasSearchKey
-          ? "Brave Search API key (leave blank to keep current or use BRAVE_API_KEY)"
-          : "Brave Search API key (paste it here; leave blank to use BRAVE_API_KEY)",
-        placeholder: hasSearchKey ? "Leave blank to keep current" : "BSA...",
+          ? t("configure.web.keyPrompt")
+          : t("configure.web.keyPromptEmpty"),
+        placeholder: hasSearchKey ? t("configure.web.placeholderKey") : t("configure.web.placeholderKeyEmpty"),
       }),
       runtime,
     );
@@ -133,19 +134,15 @@ async function promptWebToolsConfig(
       nextSearch = { ...nextSearch, apiKey: key };
     } else if (!hasSearchKey) {
       note(
-        [
-          "No key stored yet, so web_search will stay unavailable.",
-          "Store a key here or set BRAVE_API_KEY in the Gateway environment.",
-          "Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai/tools/web",
-        ].join("\n"),
-        "Web search",
+        t("configure.web.noKeyWarning"),
+        t("configure.sections.web"),
       );
     }
   }
 
   const enableFetch = guardCancel(
     await confirm({
-      message: "Enable web_fetch (keyless HTTP fetch)?",
+      message: t("configure.web.enableFetch"),
       initialValue: existingFetch?.enabled ?? true,
     }),
     runtime,
@@ -175,7 +172,7 @@ export async function runConfigureWizard(
 ) {
   try {
     printWizardHeader(runtime);
-    intro(opts.command === "update" ? "OpenClaw update wizard" : "OpenClaw configure");
+    intro(opts.command === "update" ? t("configure.updateTitle") : t("configure.title"));
     const prompter = createClackPrompter();
 
     const snapshot = await readConfigFileSnapshot();
@@ -212,30 +209,30 @@ export async function runConfigureWizard(
     const remoteUrl = baseConfig.gateway?.remote?.url?.trim() ?? "";
     const remoteProbe = remoteUrl
       ? await probeGatewayReachable({
-          url: remoteUrl,
-          token: baseConfig.gateway?.remote?.token,
-        })
+        url: remoteUrl,
+        token: baseConfig.gateway?.remote?.token,
+      })
       : null;
 
     const mode = guardCancel(
       await select({
-        message: "Where will the Gateway run?",
+        message: t("configure.gateway.modeSelect"),
         options: [
           {
             value: "local",
-            label: "Local (this machine)",
+            label: t("configure.gateway.local"),
             hint: localProbe.ok
-              ? `Gateway reachable (${localUrl})`
-              : `No gateway detected (${localUrl})`,
+              ? t("configure.gateway.localHintReachable", { url: localUrl })
+              : t("configure.gateway.localHintMissing", { url: localUrl }),
           },
           {
             value: "remote",
-            label: "Remote (info-only)",
+            label: t("configure.gateway.remote"),
             hint: !remoteUrl
-              ? "No remote URL configured yet"
+              ? t("configure.gateway.remoteHintNoUrl")
               : remoteProbe?.ok
-                ? `Gateway reachable (${remoteUrl})`
-                : `Configured but unreachable (${remoteUrl})`,
+                ? t("configure.gateway.remoteHintReachable", { url: remoteUrl })
+                : t("configure.gateway.remoteHintConfigured", { url: remoteUrl }),
           },
         ],
       }),
@@ -250,7 +247,7 @@ export async function runConfigureWizard(
       });
       await writeConfigFile(remoteConfig);
       logConfigUpdated(runtime);
-      outro("Remote gateway configured.");
+      outro(t("configure.gateway.remoteConfigured"));
       return;
     }
 
@@ -288,7 +285,7 @@ export async function runConfigureWizard(
     if (opts.sections) {
       const selected = opts.sections;
       if (!selected || selected.length === 0) {
-        outro("No changes selected.");
+        outro(t("configure.gateway.noChanges"));
         return;
       }
 
@@ -530,10 +527,10 @@ export async function runConfigureWizard(
       if (!ranSection) {
         if (didSetGatewayMode) {
           await persistConfig();
-          outro("Gateway mode set to local.");
+          outro(t("configure.gateway.modeSetLocal"));
           return;
         }
-        outro("No changes selected.");
+        outro(t("configure.gateway.noChanges"));
         return;
       }
     }
@@ -582,7 +579,7 @@ export async function runConfigureWizard(
       "Control UI",
     );
 
-    outro("Configure complete.");
+    outro(t("configure.gateway.configureComplete"));
   } catch (err) {
     if (err instanceof WizardCancelledError) {
       runtime.exit(0);
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor-auth.ts b/src/commands/doctor-auth.ts
index fc62a21c2..4ce0e8083 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor-auth.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor-auth.ts
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ export async function maybeRepairAnthropicOAuthProfileId(
   });
   if (!repair.migrated || repair.changes.length === 0) return cfg;
 
-  note(repair.changes.map((c) => `- ${c}`).join("\n"), "Auth profiles");
+  note(repair.changes.map((c) => `- ${c}`).join("\n"), "身份验证配置文件");
   const apply = await prompter.confirm({
-    message: "Update Anthropic OAuth profile id in config now?",
+    message: "立即更新配置中的 Anthropic OAuth 配置文件 ID？",
     initialValue: true,
   });
   if (!apply) return cfg;
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ function pruneAuthProfiles(
   const nextAuth =
     nextProfiles || prunedOrder.next
       ? {
-          ...cfg.auth,
-          profiles: nextProfiles && Object.keys(nextProfiles).length > 0 ? nextProfiles : undefined,
-          order: prunedOrder.next,
-        }
+        ...cfg.auth,
+        profiles: nextProfiles && Object.keys(nextProfiles).length > 0 ? nextProfiles : undefined,
+        order: prunedOrder.next,
+      }
       : undefined;
 
   return {
@@ -110,23 +110,23 @@ export async function maybeRemoveDeprecatedCliAuthProfiles(
 
   if (deprecated.size === 0) return cfg;
 
-  const lines = ["Deprecated external CLI auth profiles detected (no longer supported):"];
+  const lines = ["检测到已弃用的外部 CLI 身份验证配置文件（不再支持）："];
   if (deprecated.has(CLAUDE_CLI_PROFILE_ID)) {
     lines.push(
-      `- ${CLAUDE_CLI_PROFILE_ID} (Anthropic): use setup-token → ${formatCliCommand("openclaw models auth setup-token")}`,
+      `- ${CLAUDE_CLI_PROFILE_ID} (Anthropic): 请使用 setup-token → ${formatCliCommand("openclaw models auth setup-token")}`,
     );
   }
   if (deprecated.has(CODEX_CLI_PROFILE_ID)) {
     lines.push(
-      `- ${CODEX_CLI_PROFILE_ID} (OpenAI Codex): use OAuth → ${formatCliCommand(
+      `- ${CODEX_CLI_PROFILE_ID} (OpenAI Codex): 请使用 OAuth → ${formatCliCommand(
         "openclaw models auth login --provider openai-codex",
       )}`,
     );
   }
-  note(lines.join("\n"), "Auth profiles");
+  note(lines.join("\n"), "身份验证配置文件");
 
   const shouldRemove = await prompter.confirmRepair({
-    message: "Remove deprecated CLI auth profiles now?",
+    message: "立即移除已弃用的 CLI 身份验证配置文件？",
     initialValue: true,
   });
   if (!shouldRemove) return cfg;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ export async function maybeRemoveDeprecatedCliAuthProfiles(
       Array.from(deprecated.values())
         .map((id) => `- removed ${id} from config`)
         .join("\n"),
-      "Doctor changes",
+      "医生修改",
     );
   }
   return pruned.next;
@@ -190,16 +190,16 @@ type AuthIssue = {
 
 function formatAuthIssueHint(issue: AuthIssue): string | null {
   if (issue.provider === "anthropic" && issue.profileId === CLAUDE_CLI_PROFILE_ID) {
-    return `Deprecated profile. Use ${formatCliCommand("openclaw models auth setup-token")} or ${formatCliCommand(
+    return `已弃用的配置文件。请使用 ${formatCliCommand("openclaw models auth setup-token")} 或 ${formatCliCommand(
       "openclaw configure",
-    )}.`;
+    )}。`;
   }
   if (issue.provider === "openai-codex" && issue.profileId === CODEX_CLI_PROFILE_ID) {
-    return `Deprecated profile. Use ${formatCliCommand(
+    return `已弃用的配置文件。请使用 ${formatCliCommand(
       "openclaw models auth login --provider openai-codex",
-    )} or ${formatCliCommand("openclaw configure")}.`;
+    )} 或 ${formatCliCommand("openclaw configure")}。`;
   }
-  return `Re-auth via \`${formatCliCommand("openclaw configure")}\` or \`${formatCliCommand("openclaw onboard")}\`.`;
+  return `通过 \`${formatCliCommand("openclaw configure")}\` 或 \`${formatCliCommand("openclaw onboard")}\` 重新验证。`;
 }
 
 function formatAuthIssueLine(issue: AuthIssue): string {
@@ -227,18 +227,18 @@ export async function noteAuthProfileHealth(params: {
       const remaining = formatRemainingShort(until - now);
       const kind =
         typeof stats?.disabledUntil === "number" && now < stats.disabledUntil
-          ? `disabled${stats.disabledReason ? `:${stats.disabledReason}` : ""}`
-          : "cooldown";
-      const hint = kind.startsWith("disabled:billing")
-        ? "Top up credits (provider billing) or switch provider."
-        : "Wait for cooldown or switch provider.";
+          ? `已禁用${stats.disabledReason ? `:${stats.disabledReason}` : ""}`
+          : "冷却中";
+      const hint = kind.startsWith("已禁用:billing")
+        ? "充值（提供商计费）或切换提供商。"
+        : "等待冷却或切换提供商。";
       out.push(`- ${profileId}: ${kind} (${remaining})${hint ? ` — ${hint}` : ""}`);
     }
     return out;
   })();
 
   if (unusable.length > 0) {
-    note(unusable.join("\n"), "Auth profile cooldowns");
+    note(unusable.join("\n"), "身份验证配置文件冷却");
   }
 
   let summary = buildAuthHealthSummary({
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ export async function noteAuthProfileHealth(params: {
   if (issues.length === 0) return;
 
   const shouldRefresh = await params.prompter.confirmRepair({
-    message: "Refresh expiring OAuth tokens now? (static tokens need re-auth)",
+    message: "立即刷新过期的 OAuth 令牌？（静态令牌需要重新验证）",
     initialValue: true,
   });
 
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ export async function noteAuthProfileHealth(params: {
       }
     }
     if (errors.length > 0) {
-      note(errors.join("\n"), "OAuth refresh errors");
+      note(errors.join("\n"), "OAuth 刷新错误");
     }
     summary = buildAuthHealthSummary({
       store: ensureAuthProfileStore(undefined, {
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ export async function noteAuthProfileHealth(params: {
           }),
         )
         .join("\n"),
-      "Model auth",
+      "模型验证",
     );
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/commands/onboard-helpers.ts b/src/commands/onboard-helpers.ts
index 774893213..aba1441e6 100644
--- a/src/commands/onboard-helpers.ts
+++ b/src/commands/onboard-helpers.ts
@@ -27,10 +27,11 @@ import {
 } from "../utils.js";
 import { VERSION } from "../version.js";
 import type { NodeManagerChoice, OnboardMode, ResetScope } from "./onboard-types.js";
+import { t } from "../wizard/i18n.js";
 
 export function guardCancel<T>(value: T | symbol, runtime: RuntimeEnv): T {
   if (isCancel(value)) {
-    cancel(stylePromptTitle("Setup cancelled.") ?? "Setup cancelled.");
+    cancel(stylePromptTitle(t("onboarding.helpers.cancelled")) ?? t("onboarding.helpers.cancelled"));
     runtime.exit(0);
   }
   return value as T;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ export function summarizeExistingConfig(config: OpenClawConfig): string {
   if (config.skills?.install?.nodeManager) {
     rows.push(shortenHomeInString(`skills.nodeManager: ${config.skills.install.nodeManager}`));
   }
-  return rows.length ? rows.join("\n") : "No key settings detected.";
+  return rows.length ? rows.join("\n") : t("onboarding.helpers.noSettings");
 }
 
 export function randomToken(): string {
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ export function formatControlUiSshHint(params: {
   const authedUrl = params.token ? `${localUrl}${tokenParam}` : undefined;
   const sshTarget = resolveSshTargetHint();
   return [
-    "No GUI detected. Open from your computer:",
+    t("onboarding.helpers.sshHint"),
     `ssh -N -L ${params.port}:127.0.0.1:${params.port} ${sshTarget}`,
     "Then open:",
     localUrl,
@@ -242,10 +243,10 @@ export async function ensureWorkspaceAndSessions(
     dir: workspaceDir,
     ensureBootstrapFiles: !options?.skipBootstrap,
   });
-  runtime.log(`Workspace OK: ${shortenHomePath(ws.dir)}`);
+  runtime.log(`${t("onboarding.helpers.workspaceOk")}: ${shortenHomePath(ws.dir)}`);
   const sessionsDir = resolveSessionTranscriptsDirForAgent(options?.agentId);
   await fs.mkdir(sessionsDir, { recursive: true });
-  runtime.log(`Sessions OK: ${shortenHomePath(sessionsDir)}`);
+  runtime.log(`${t("onboarding.helpers.sessionsOk")}: ${shortenHomePath(sessionsDir)}`);
 }
 
 export function resolveNodeManagerOptions(): Array<{
@@ -268,9 +269,9 @@ export async function moveToTrash(pathname: string, runtime: RuntimeEnv): Promis
   }
   try {
     await runCommandWithTimeout(["trash", pathname], { timeoutMs: 5000 });
-    runtime.log(`Moved to Trash: ${shortenHomePath(pathname)}`);
+    runtime.log(`${t("onboarding.helpers.trashOk")}: ${shortenHomePath(pathname)}`);
   } catch {
-    runtime.log(`Failed to move to Trash (manual delete): ${shortenHomePath(pathname)}`);
+    runtime.log(`${t("onboarding.helpers.trashFail")}: ${shortenHomePath(pathname)}`);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/commands/onboard.ts b/src/commands/onboard.ts
index 915097d83..73dfaa32f 100644
--- a/src/commands/onboard.ts
+++ b/src/commands/onboard.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { runInteractiveOnboarding } from "./onboard-interactive.js";
 import { runNonInteractiveOnboarding } from "./onboard-non-interactive.js";
 import { formatCliCommand } from "../cli/command-format.js";
 import type { OnboardOptions } from "./onboard-types.js";
+import { t } from "../wizard/i18n.js";
 
 export async function onboardCommand(opts: OnboardOptions, runtime: RuntimeEnv = defaultRuntime) {
   assertSupportedRuntime(runtime);
@@ -21,18 +22,18 @@ export async function onboardCommand(opts: OnboardOptions, runtime: RuntimeEnv =
   if (opts.nonInteractive && (authChoice === "claude-cli" || authChoice === "codex-cli")) {
     runtime.error(
       [
-        `Auth choice "${authChoice}" is deprecated.`,
-        'Use "--auth-choice token" (Anthropic setup-token) or "--auth-choice openai-codex".',
+        t("onboarding.cli.deprecatedAuth").replace("{authChoice}", authChoice),
+        t("onboarding.cli.useAuthToken"),
       ].join("\n"),
     );
     runtime.exit(1);
     return;
   }
   if (authChoice === "claude-cli") {
-    runtime.log('Auth choice "claude-cli" is deprecated; using setup-token flow instead.');
+    runtime.log(t("onboarding.cli.authTokenFlow"));
   }
   if (authChoice === "codex-cli") {
-    runtime.log('Auth choice "codex-cli" is deprecated; using OpenAI Codex OAuth instead.');
+    runtime.log(t("onboarding.cli.authCodexFlow"));
   }
   const flow = opts.flow === "manual" ? ("advanced" as const) : opts.flow;
   const normalizedOpts =
@@ -43,8 +44,7 @@ export async function onboardCommand(opts: OnboardOptions, runtime: RuntimeEnv =
   if (normalizedOpts.nonInteractive && normalizedOpts.acceptRisk !== true) {
     runtime.error(
       [
-        "Non-interactive onboarding requires explicit risk acknowledgement.",
-        "Read: https://docs.openclaw.ai/security",
+        t("onboarding.cli.nonInteractiveRisk"),
         `Re-run with: ${formatCliCommand("openclaw onboard --non-interactive --accept-risk ...")}`,
       ].join("\n"),
     );
@@ -61,13 +61,7 @@ export async function onboardCommand(opts: OnboardOptions, runtime: RuntimeEnv =
   }
 
   if (process.platform === "win32") {
-    runtime.log(
-      [
-        "Windows detected.",
-        "WSL2 is strongly recommended; native Windows is untested and more problematic.",
-        "Guide: https://docs.openclaw.ai/windows",
-      ].join("\n"),
-    );
+    runtime.log(t("onboarding.cli.winWarning"));
   }
 
   if (normalizedOpts.nonInteractive) {
diff --git a/src/wizard/i18n.ts b/src/wizard/i18n.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adf64f3d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/wizard/i18n.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+import { zhCN } from "./locales/zh-CN.js";
+
+const currentLocale = "zh-CN"; // Default to Chinese
+const locales: Record<string, any> = {
+    "zh-CN": zhCN,
+};
+
+export function t(key: string, args?: Record<string, string | number>): string {
+    const keys = key.split(".");
+    let value = locales[currentLocale];
+    for (const k of keys) {
+        if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+            value = value[k];
+        } else {
+            return key;
+        }
+    }
+    let str = typeof value === "string" ? value : key;
+    if (args) {
+        for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(args)) {
+            str = str.replace(new RegExp(`{${k}}`, "g"), String(v));
+        }
+    }
+    return str;
+}
diff --git a/src/wizard/locales/zh-CN.ts b/src/wizard/locales/zh-CN.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f436f23fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/wizard/locales/zh-CN.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+
+export const zhCN = {
+    onboarding: {
+        title: "OpenClaw 引导安装",
+        intro: "欢迎使用 OpenClaw 引导安装",
+        security: {
+            title: "安全警告",
+            note: [
+                "安全警告 — 请仔细阅读。",
+                "",
+                "OpenClaw 是一个个人爱好项目，目前处于 Beta 阶段。请做好遇到问题的心理准备。",
+                "如果启用了技能工具，机器人可以读取您的文件并执行操作。",
+                "恶意提示（Prompt Injection）可能会诱使机器人执行不安全的操作。",
+                "",
+                "如果您对基础安全和访问控制感到不放心，请不要运行 OpenClaw。",
+                "在启用工具或将其暴露在互联网之前，请先向有经验的人寻求帮助。",
+                "",
+                "推荐的安全基准：",
+                "- 开启配对/白名单机制 + 提及触发（Mention Gating）。",
+                "- 在沙箱中运行 + 最小权限原则。",
+                "- 不要让代理程序能接触到敏感的系统密钥和凭证。",
+                "- 对拥有工具权限或监听不信任渠道的机器人，务必使用最强大的模型。",
+                "",
+                "定期运行审计命令：",
+                "openclaw security audit --deep",
+                "openclaw security audit --fix",
+                "",
+                "必读文档: https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/security",
+            ].join("\n"),
+            confirm: "我理解这是非常强大的工具，并且具有内在风险。是否继续？",
+            cancelled: "未接受安全风险，已取消。",
+        },
+        config: {
+            invalid: "配置文件无效",
+            issues: "配置问题提示",
+            repair: "配置无效。请运行 `openclaw doctor` 进行修复，然后重新运行引导安装。",
+        },
+        flow: {
+            modeSelect: "选择安装模式",
+            quickstart: "快速上手 (QuickStart)",
+            quickstartHint: "稍后可以通过 `openclaw configure` 进行详细调整。",
+            manual: "手动配置 (Manual)",
+            manualHint: "详细配置端口、网络、Tailscale 及认证选项。",
+            invalidFlow: "无效的 --flow 参数（请使用 quickstart, manual 或 advanced）。",
+            remoteSwitch: "快速上手模式仅支持本地网关。正在切换到手动模式。",
+        },
+        existingConfig: {
+            title: "检测到现有配置",
+            action: "配置处理方式",
+            keep: "使用现有值",
+            modify: "更新配置值",
+            reset: "重置 (Reset)",
+            resetScope: "重置范围",
+            scopeConfig: "仅重置基本配置",
+            scopeConfigCreds: "重置基本配置 + 凭证 + 会话",
+            scopeFull: "完整重置 (配置 + 凭证 + 会话 + 工作区)",
+        },
+        gateway: {
+            keepSettings: "保留当前的网关设置：",
+            port: "网关端口",
+            bind: "网关绑定",
+            auth: "网关认证",
+            tailscale: "Tailscale 暴露",
+            chatChannels: "直接前往聊天渠道配置。",
+            bindLoopback: "本地回环 (127.0.0.1)",
+            bindLan: "局域网 (LAN)",
+            bindCustom: "自定义 IP",
+            bindTailnet: "Tailnet (Tailscale IP)",
+            bindAuto: "自动",
+            authToken: "令牌 Token (默认)",
+            authPassword: "密码 Password",
+            tsOff: "关闭",
+            tsServe: "Serve 模式",
+            tsFunnel: "Funnel 模式",
+        },
+        setup: {
+            question: "您想设置什么？",
+            local: "本地网关 (Local gateway - 当前机器)",
+            localOk: "网关可达",
+            localFail: "未检测到网关",
+            remote: "远程网关 (Remote gateway - 仅配置信息)",
+            remoteNoUrl: "尚未配置远程 URL",
+            remoteOk: "远程网关可达",
+            remoteFail: "已配置但无法连接",
+            remoteDone: "远程网关配置完成。",
+            workspaceDir: "工作区目录",
+            skippingChannels: "跳过渠道设置。",
+            skills: "技能 (Skills)",
+            skippingSkills: "跳过技能设置。",
+        },
+        cli: {
+            winWarning: [
+                "检测到 Windows 系统。",
+                "强烈建议使用 WSL2；原生 Windows 环境未经充分测试，可能存在兼容性问题。",
+                "指南: https://docs.openclaw.ai/windows",
+            ].join("\n"),
+            nonInteractiveRisk: [
+                "非交互式安装需要明确的技术风险说明（--accept-risk）。",
+                "详情请阅读: https://docs.openclaw.ai/security",
+            ].join("\n"),
+            deprecatedAuth: '身份验证选项 "{authChoice}" 已弃用。',
+            useAuthToken: '请使用 "--auth-choice token" (Anthropic) 或 "--auth-choice openai-codex"。',
+            authTokenFlow: '身份验证选项 "claude-cli" 已弃用，将使用令牌（token）流程。',
+            authCodexFlow: '身份验证选项 "codex-cli" 已弃用，将使用 OpenAI Codex 会话流程。',
+        },
+        helpers: {
+            cancelled: "设置已取消。",
+            noSettings: "未检测到关键配置。",
+            workspaceOk: "工作区确认",
+            sessionsOk: "会话目录确认",
+            trashOk: "已移至回收站",
+            trashFail: "移至回收站失败 (请手动删除)",
+            sshHint: "未检测到 GUI 环境。请从您的电脑上访问：",
+        },
+        finalize: {
+            systemdNote: "检测到 Linux，但当前用户似乎无法使用 Systemd。这可能会影响服务安装。",
+            systemdLinger: "为确保 OpenClaw 服务在您登出后继续运行，我们需要启用用户逗留 (Linger)。",
+            installService: "是否将 OpenClaw 安装为后台服务？",
+            serviceNoSystemd: "由于 Systemd不可用，跳过服务安装。您可以手动运行 OpenClaw。",
+            serviceInstalled: "服务管理",
+            serviceRuntime: "服务运行时 (Daemon Runtime)",
+            serviceRuntimeQuickstart: "快速启动模式下，我们将使用 Node.js 运行时。",
+            restarted: "服务已重启",
+            restarting: "正在重启服务...",
+            uninstalled: "服务已卸载",
+            uninstalling: "正在卸载服务...",
+            preparing: "正在准备安装...",
+            installing: "正在安装服务...",
+            installFail: "安装失败",
+            installSuccess: "安装成功",
+            healthHelp: "健康检查失败。请参考文档进行排查：",
+            healthDocsPrefix: "相关文档：",
+            optionalApps: "可选组件",
+            optionalAppsList: "OpenClaw 提供了 Web UI、TUI 等多种管理方式。",
+            controlUi: "控制面板 (Control UI)",
+            hatchTui: "启动 TUI (Moltbot)",
+            hatchTuiNote: [
+                "这是定义您的代理人的关键动作。",
+                "请花点时间。",
+                "您告诉它的信息越多，体验就越好。",
+                '我们将发送: "唤醒吧，我的朋友！"',
+            ].join("\n"),
+            hatchWeb: "打开 Web UI",
+            hatchLater: "以后再说",
+            hatchQuestion: "您想现在启动哪个界面？",
+            tokenNote: [
+                "网关令牌 (Token)：用于网关和控制面板的共享身份验证。",
+                "存储位置：~/.openclaw/openclaw.json (gateway.auth.token) 或环境变量 OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN。",
+                "网页 UI 会在浏览器本地存储中保存一份副本。",
+                "随时获取带令牌的链接：openclaw dashboard --no-open",
+            ].join("\n"),
+            webUiSeeded: "网页 UI 已在后台初始化。稍后可通过以下命令打开：",
+            dashboardReady: "仪表板已就绪",
+            dashboardOpened: "已在浏览器中打开。请保留该标签页以控制 OpenClaw。",
+            dashboardCopy: "请将此 URL 复制到本机的浏览器中以控制 OpenClaw。",
+            backupNote: "请定期备份您的工作区目录，它包含您的所有 Agent 数据。",
+            webSearchOptional: "网页搜索功能 (可选)",
+            webSearchEnabled: "网页搜索已成功启用！代理人可以在需要时在线查询信息。",
+            webSearchDisabled: [
+                "如果您希望代理人能够搜索网页，则需要一个 API 密钥。",
+                "",
+                "OpenClaw 使用 Brave Search 进行网页搜索。如果没有 API 密钥，该工具将无法工作。",
+                "",
+                "设置方法：",
+                "- 运行: openclaw configure --section web",
+                "- 启用 web_search 并粘贴您的 Brave Search API 密钥",
+                "",
+                "或者：在网关环境变量中设置 BRAVE_API_KEY。",
+            ].join("\n"),
+            webSearchKeyConfig: "已使用配置文件中的 API Key。",
+            webSearchKeyEnv: "已使用系统环境变量 BRAVE_API_KEY。",
+            whatNow: "接下来可以做什么？",
+            onboardingComplete: "OpenClaw 初始化完成！",
+            onboardingCompleteOpened: "OpenClaw 初始化完成，仪表板已随令牌打开；请保留该标签页以控制 OpenClaw。",
+            onboardingCompleteSeeded: "OpenClaw 初始化完成，网页 UI 已在后台初始化；随时使用上面的链接打开。",
+        },
+        gatewayConfig: {
+            port: "网关端口",
+            invalidPort: "无效的端口号",
+            bind: "网关绑定 (Bind)",
+            customIp: "自定义 IP 地址",
+            customIpRequired: "自定义绑定模式需要提供 IP 地址",
+            invalidIp: "无效的 IPv4 地址",
+            invalidIpOctet: "无效的 IPv4 地址 (每段必须是 0-255)",
+            auth: "网关身份验证",
+            authToken: "令牌 (Token)",
+            authTokenHint: "推荐的默认方式 (支持本地和远程)",
+            authPassword: "密码 (Password)",
+            tsExposure: "Tailscale 暴露",
+            tsOff: "关闭",
+            tsOffHint: "不进行 Tailscale 暴露",
+            tsServe: "Serve 模式",
+            tsServeHint: "为您的 Tailnet 提供私有 HTTPS (仅限 Tailscale 里的设备)",
+            tsFunnel: "Funnel 模式",
+            tsFunnelHint: "通过 Tailscale Funnel 提供公共 HTTPS (互联网可访问)",
+            tsWarningTitle: "Tailscale 警告",
+            tsNotFound: [
+                "未在 PATH 中找到 Tailscale 二进制文件。",
+                "请确保已安装 Tailscale。",
+                "",
+                "您可以继续设置，但 serve/funnel 在运行时会失败。",
+            ].join("\n"),
+            tsResetConfirm: "退出时重置 Tailscale serve/funnel？",
+            tsAdjustBind: "Tailscale 需要 bind=loopback。正在自动调整网关绑定为 loopback。",
+            tsFunnelAuth: "Tailscale Funnel 需要使用密码验证方式。",
+            tokenPlaceholder: "网关令牌 (留空则自动生成)",
+            tokenHint: "多机访问或非 127.0.0.1 访问时需要此令牌",
+            passwordLabel: "网关密码",
+            passwordRequired: "必须填写密码",
+        }
+    },
+    configure: {
+        title: "OpenClaw 配置",
+        updateTitle: "OpenClaw 更新向导",
+        auth: {
+            anthropicOAuthModels: "Anthropic OAuth 模型",
+        },
+        sections: {
+            title: "选择要配置的部分",
+            continue: "继续",
+            continueHint: "完成",
+            skipHint: "暂时跳过",
+            workspace: "工作区 (Workspace)",
+            workspaceHint: "设置工作区 + 会话",
+            model: "模型 (Model)",
+            modelHint: "选择提供商 + 凭证",
+            web: "Web 工具",
+            webHint: "配置 Brave 搜索 + 用于抓取",
+            gateway: "网关 (Gateway)",
+            gatewayHint: "端口、绑定、认证、Tailscale",
+            daemon: "后台服务 (Daemon)",
+            daemonHint: "安装/管理后台服务",
+            channels: "渠道 (Channels)",
+            channelsHint: "连接 WhatsApp/Telegram 等",
+            skills: "技能 (Skills)",
+            skillsHint: "安装/启用工作区技能",
+            health: "健康检查 (Health check)",
+            healthHint: "运行网关 + 渠道检查",
+        },
+        gateway: {
+            modeSelect: "网关将在哪里运行？",
+            local: "本地 (这台机器)",
+            localHintReachable: "网关可达 ({url})",
+            localHintMissing: "未检测到网关 ({url})",
+            remote: "远程 (仅信息)",
+            remoteHintNoUrl: "尚未配置远程 URL",
+            remoteHintReachable: "网关可达 ({url})",
+            remoteHintConfigured: "已配置但无法连接 ({url})",
+            remoteConfigured: "远程网关已配置。",
+            modeSetLocal: "网关模式已设置为本地。",
+            noChanges: "未选择任何更改。",
+            configureComplete: "配置完成。",
+        },
+        channels: {
+            modeTitle: "渠道配置模式",
+            configure: "配置/连接",
+            configureHint: "添加/更新渠道；禁用未选中的账户",
+            remove: "移除渠道配置",
+            removeHint: "从 openclaw.json 中删除渠道令牌/设置",
+        },
+        web: {
+            title: "网页搜索",
+            desc: [
+                "网页搜索允许您的 Agent 使用 `web_search` 工具在线查找信息。",
+                "它需要 Brave Search API 密钥（您可以将其存储在配置中或在网关环境中设置 BRAVE_API_KEY）。",
+                "文档: https://docs.openclaw.ai/tools/web",
+            ].join("\n"),
+            enableSearch: "启用 web_search (Brave Search)?",
+            keyPrompt: "Brave Search API 密钥 (留空保留当前值或使用 BRAVE_API_KEY)",
+            keyPromptEmpty: "Brave Search API 密钥 (粘贴到这里；留空使用 BRAVE_API_KEY)",
+            placeholderKey: "留空以保留当前设置",
+            placeholderKeyEmpty: "BSA...",
+            noKeyWarning: [
+                "尚未存储密钥，因此 web_search 将不可用。",
+                "请在此处存储密钥或在网关环境中设置 BRAVE_API_KEY。",
+                "文档: https://docs.openclaw.ai/tools/web",
+            ].join("\n"),
+            enableFetch: "启用 web_fetch (无密钥 HTTP 抓取)?",
+        },
+        daemon: {
+            alreadyInstalled: "网关服务已安装",
+            restart: "重启 (Restart)",
+            reinstall: "重新安装 (Reinstall)",
+            skip: "跳过 (Skip)",
+            restarting: "正在重启网关服务…",
+            restarted: "网关服务已重启。",
+            uninstalling: "正在卸载网关服务…",
+            uninstalled: "网关服务已卸载。",
+            selectRuntime: "网关服务运行时",
+            preparing: "正在准备网关服务…",
+            installing: "正在安装网关服务…",
+            installed: "网关服务已安装。",
+            installFailed: "网关服务安装失败。",
+            installFailedNote: "网关服务安装失败: ",
+            lingerReason: "Linux 安装使用 systemd 用户服务。如果不启用 lingering，systemd 会在注销/空闲时停止用户会话并终止网关。",
+        }
+    },
+    common: {
+        configUpdated: "配置已更新。",
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/wizard/onboarding.finalize.ts b/src/wizard/onboarding.finalize.ts
index c5b01d6bf..1f5e63e37 100644
--- a/src/wizard/onboarding.finalize.ts
+++ b/src/wizard/onboarding.finalize.ts
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@ import {
 } from "../commands/daemon-install-helpers.js";
 import type { GatewayWizardSettings, WizardFlow } from "./onboarding.types.js";
 import type { WizardPrompter } from "./prompts.js";
+import { t } from "./i18n.js";
 
-type FinalizeOnboardingOptions = {
+export type FinalizeOnboardingOptions = {
   flow: WizardFlow;
   opts: OnboardOptions;
   baseConfig: OpenClawConfig;
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
     process.platform === "linux" ? await isSystemdUserServiceAvailable() : true;
   if (process.platform === "linux" && !systemdAvailable) {
     await prompter.note(
-      "Systemd user services are unavailable. Skipping lingering checks and service install.",
+      t("onboarding.finalize.systemdNote"),
       "Systemd",
     );
   }
@@ -78,8 +79,7 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
         confirm: prompter.confirm,
         note: prompter.note,
       },
-      reason:
-        "Linux installs use a systemd user service by default. Without lingering, systemd stops the user session on logout/idle and kills the Gateway.",
+      reason: t("onboarding.finalize.systemdLinger"),
       requireConfirm: false,
     });
   }
@@ -95,15 +95,15 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
     installDaemon = true;
   } else {
     installDaemon = await prompter.confirm({
-      message: "Install Gateway service (recommended)",
+      message: t("onboarding.finalize.installService"),
       initialValue: true,
     });
   }
 
   if (process.platform === "linux" && !systemdAvailable && installDaemon) {
     await prompter.note(
-      "Systemd user services are unavailable; skipping service install. Use your container supervisor or `docker compose up -d`.",
-      "Gateway service",
+      t("onboarding.finalize.serviceNoSystemd"),
+      t("onboarding.finalize.serviceInstalled"),
     );
     installDaemon = false;
   }
@@ -113,33 +113,33 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
       flow === "quickstart"
         ? (DEFAULT_GATEWAY_DAEMON_RUNTIME as GatewayDaemonRuntime)
         : ((await prompter.select({
-            message: "Gateway service runtime",
-            options: GATEWAY_DAEMON_RUNTIME_OPTIONS,
-            initialValue: opts.daemonRuntime ?? DEFAULT_GATEWAY_DAEMON_RUNTIME,
-          })) as GatewayDaemonRuntime);
+          message: t("onboarding.finalize.serviceRuntime"),
+          options: GATEWAY_DAEMON_RUNTIME_OPTIONS,
+          initialValue: opts.daemonRuntime ?? DEFAULT_GATEWAY_DAEMON_RUNTIME,
+        })) as GatewayDaemonRuntime);
     if (flow === "quickstart") {
       await prompter.note(
-        "QuickStart uses Node for the Gateway service (stable + supported).",
-        "Gateway service runtime",
+        t("onboarding.finalize.serviceRuntimeQuickstart"),
+        t("onboarding.finalize.serviceRuntime"),
       );
     }
     const service = resolveGatewayService();
     const loaded = await service.isLoaded({ env: process.env });
     if (loaded) {
       const action = (await prompter.select({
-        message: "Gateway service already installed",
+        message: t("onboarding.finalize.serviceInstalled"),
         options: [
-          { value: "restart", label: "Restart" },
-          { value: "reinstall", label: "Reinstall" },
-          { value: "skip", label: "Skip" },
+          { value: "restart", label: "重启 (Restart)" },
+          { value: "reinstall", label: "重新安装 (Reinstall)" },
+          { value: "skip", label: "跳过 (Skip)" },
         ],
       })) as "restart" | "reinstall" | "skip";
       if (action === "restart") {
         await withWizardProgress(
-          "Gateway service",
-          { doneMessage: "Gateway service restarted." },
+          t("onboarding.finalize.serviceInstalled"),
+          { doneMessage: t("onboarding.finalize.restarted") },
           async (progress) => {
-            progress.update("Restarting Gateway service…");
+            progress.update(t("onboarding.finalize.restarting"));
             await service.restart({
               env: process.env,
               stdout: process.stdout,
@@ -148,10 +148,10 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
         );
       } else if (action === "reinstall") {
         await withWizardProgress(
-          "Gateway service",
-          { doneMessage: "Gateway service uninstalled." },
+          t("onboarding.finalize.serviceInstalled"),
+          { doneMessage: t("onboarding.finalize.uninstalled") },
           async (progress) => {
-            progress.update("Uninstalling Gateway service…");
+            progress.update(t("onboarding.finalize.uninstalling"));
             await service.uninstall({ env: process.env, stdout: process.stdout });
           },
         );
@@ -159,10 +159,10 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
     }
 
     if (!loaded || (loaded && (await service.isLoaded({ env: process.env })) === false)) {
-      const progress = prompter.progress("Gateway service");
+      const progress = prompter.progress(t("onboarding.finalize.serviceInstalled"));
       let installError: string | null = null;
       try {
-        progress.update("Preparing Gateway service…");
+        progress.update(t("onboarding.finalize.preparing"));
         const { programArguments, workingDirectory, environment } = await buildGatewayInstallPlan({
           env: process.env,
           port: settings.port,
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
           config: nextConfig,
         });
 
-        progress.update("Installing Gateway service…");
+        progress.update(t("onboarding.finalize.installing"));
         await service.install({
           env: process.env,
           stdout: process.stdout,
@@ -184,11 +184,11 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
         installError = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
       } finally {
         progress.stop(
-          installError ? "Gateway service install failed." : "Gateway service installed.",
+          installError ? t("onboarding.finalize.installFail") : t("onboarding.finalize.installSuccess"),
         );
       }
       if (installError) {
-        await prompter.note(`Gateway service install failed: ${installError}`, "Gateway");
+        await prompter.note(`${t("onboarding.finalize.installFail")}: ${installError}`, "Gateway");
         await prompter.note(gatewayInstallErrorHint(), "Gateway");
       }
     }
@@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
       runtime.error(formatHealthCheckFailure(err));
       await prompter.note(
         [
-          "Docs:",
+          t("onboarding.finalize.healthDocsPrefix"),
           "https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/health",
           "https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/troubleshooting",
         ].join("\n"),
-        "Health check help",
+        t("onboarding.finalize.healthHelp"),
       );
     }
   }
@@ -232,13 +232,8 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
   }
 
   await prompter.note(
-    [
-      "Add nodes for extra features:",
-      "- macOS app (system + notifications)",
-      "- iOS app (camera/canvas)",
-      "- Android app (camera/canvas)",
-    ].join("\n"),
-    "Optional apps",
+    t("onboarding.finalize.optionalAppsList"),
+    t("onboarding.finalize.optionalApps"),
   );
 
   const controlUiBasePath =
@@ -260,8 +255,8 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
     password: settings.authMode === "password" ? nextConfig.gateway?.auth?.password : "",
   });
   const gatewayStatusLine = gatewayProbe.ok
-    ? "Gateway: reachable"
-    : `Gateway: not detected${gatewayProbe.detail ? ` (${gatewayProbe.detail})` : ""}`;
+    ? t("onboarding.setup.localOk")
+    : `${t("onboarding.setup.localFail")}${gatewayProbe.detail ? ` (${gatewayProbe.detail})` : ""}`;
   const bootstrapPath = path.join(
     resolveUserPath(options.workspaceDir),
     DEFAULT_BOOTSTRAP_FILENAME,
@@ -274,14 +269,14 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
   await prompter.note(
     [
       `Web UI: ${links.httpUrl}`,
-      tokenParam ? `Web UI (with token): ${authedUrl}` : undefined,
+      tokenParam ? `Web UI (${t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authToken")}): ${authedUrl}` : undefined,
       `Gateway WS: ${links.wsUrl}`,
       gatewayStatusLine,
       "Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai/web/control-ui",
     ]
       .filter(Boolean)
       .join("\n"),
-    "Control UI",
+    t("onboarding.finalize.controlUi"),
   );
 
   let controlUiOpened = false;
@@ -292,32 +287,22 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
   if (!opts.skipUi && gatewayProbe.ok) {
     if (hasBootstrap) {
       await prompter.note(
-        [
-          "This is the defining action that makes your agent you.",
-          "Please take your time.",
-          "The more you tell it, the better the experience will be.",
-          'We will send: "Wake up, my friend!"',
-        ].join("\n"),
-        "Start TUI (best option!)",
+        t("onboarding.finalize.hatchTuiNote"),
+        t("onboarding.finalize.hatchTui"),
       );
     }
 
     await prompter.note(
-      [
-        "Gateway token: shared auth for the Gateway + Control UI.",
-        "Stored in: ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json (gateway.auth.token) or OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN.",
-        "Web UI stores a copy in this browser's localStorage (openclaw.control.settings.v1).",
-        `Get the tokenized link anytime: ${formatCliCommand("openclaw dashboard --no-open")}`,
-      ].join("\n"),
-      "Token",
+      t("onboarding.finalize.tokenNote"),
+      t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authToken"),
     );
 
     hatchChoice = (await prompter.select({
-      message: "How do you want to hatch your bot?",
+      message: t("onboarding.finalize.hatchQuestion"),
       options: [
-        { value: "tui", label: "Hatch in TUI (recommended)" },
-        { value: "web", label: "Open the Web UI" },
-        { value: "later", label: "Do this later" },
+        { value: "tui", label: t("onboarding.finalize.hatchTui") },
+        { value: "web", label: t("onboarding.finalize.hatchWeb") },
+        { value: "later", label: t("onboarding.finalize.hatchLater") },
       ],
       initialValue: "tui",
     })) as "tui" | "web" | "later";
@@ -336,7 +321,7 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
       }
       if (seededInBackground) {
         await prompter.note(
-          `Web UI seeded in the background. Open later with: ${formatCliCommand(
+          `${t("onboarding.finalize.webUiSeeded")} ${formatCliCommand(
             "openclaw dashboard --no-open",
           )}`,
           "Web UI",
@@ -362,37 +347,37 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
       }
       await prompter.note(
         [
-          `Dashboard link (with token): ${authedUrl}`,
+          `${t("onboarding.finalize.dashboardReady")} (${t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authToken")}): ${authedUrl}`,
           controlUiOpened
-            ? "Opened in your browser. Keep that tab to control OpenClaw."
-            : "Copy/paste this URL in a browser on this machine to control OpenClaw.",
+            ? t("onboarding.finalize.dashboardOpened")
+            : t("onboarding.finalize.dashboardCopy"),
           controlUiOpenHint,
         ]
           .filter(Boolean)
           .join("\n"),
-        "Dashboard ready",
+        t("onboarding.finalize.dashboardReady"),
       );
     } else {
       await prompter.note(
-        `When you're ready: ${formatCliCommand("openclaw dashboard --no-open")}`,
-        "Later",
+        `${t("onboarding.finalize.hatchLater")}: ${formatCliCommand("openclaw dashboard --no-open")}`,
+        t("onboarding.finalize.hatchLater"),
       );
     }
   } else if (opts.skipUi) {
-    await prompter.note("Skipping Control UI/TUI prompts.", "Control UI");
+    await prompter.note("Skipping Control UI/TUI prompts.", t("onboarding.finalize.controlUi"));
   }
 
   await prompter.note(
     [
-      "Back up your agent workspace.",
+      t("onboarding.finalize.backupNote"),
       "Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai/concepts/agent-workspace",
     ].join("\n"),
-    "Workspace backup",
+    t("onboarding.finalize.backupNote"),
   );
 
   await prompter.note(
     "Running agents on your computer is risky — harden your setup: https://docs.openclaw.ai/security",
-    "Security",
+    t("onboarding.security.title"),
   );
 
   const shouldOpenControlUi =
@@ -421,15 +406,15 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
 
     await prompter.note(
       [
-        `Dashboard link (with token): ${authedUrl}`,
+        `${t("onboarding.finalize.dashboardReady")} (${t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authToken")}): ${authedUrl}`,
         controlUiOpened
-          ? "Opened in your browser. Keep that tab to control OpenClaw."
-          : "Copy/paste this URL in a browser on this machine to control OpenClaw.",
+          ? t("onboarding.finalize.dashboardOpened")
+          : t("onboarding.finalize.dashboardCopy"),
         controlUiOpenHint,
       ]
         .filter(Boolean)
         .join("\n"),
-      "Dashboard ready",
+      t("onboarding.finalize.dashboardReady"),
     );
   }
 
@@ -439,38 +424,32 @@ export async function finalizeOnboardingWizard(options: FinalizeOnboardingOption
   await prompter.note(
     hasWebSearchKey
       ? [
-          "Web search is enabled, so your agent can look things up online when needed.",
-          "",
-          webSearchKey
-            ? "API key: stored in config (tools.web.search.apiKey)."
-            : "API key: provided via BRAVE_API_KEY env var (Gateway environment).",
-          "Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai/tools/web",
-        ].join("\n")
+        t("onboarding.finalize.webSearchEnabled"),
+        "",
+        webSearchKey
+          ? t("onboarding.finalize.webSearchKeyConfig")
+          : t("onboarding.finalize.webSearchKeyEnv"),
+        "Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai/tools/web",
+      ].join("\n")
       : [
-          "If you want your agent to be able to search the web, you’ll need an API key.",
-          "",
-          "OpenClaw uses Brave Search for the `web_search` tool. Without a Brave Search API key, web search won’t work.",
-          "",
-          "Set it up interactively:",
-          `- Run: ${formatCliCommand("openclaw configure --section web")}`,
-          "- Enable web_search and paste your Brave Search API key",
-          "",
-          "Alternative: set BRAVE_API_KEY in the Gateway environment (no config changes).",
-          "Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai/tools/web",
-        ].join("\n"),
-    "Web search (optional)",
+        t("onboarding.finalize.webSearchDisabled"),
+        "",
+        `设置命令: ${formatCliCommand("openclaw configure --section web")}`,
+        "Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai/tools/web",
+      ].join("\n"),
+    t("onboarding.finalize.webSearchOptional"),
   );
 
   await prompter.note(
-    'What now: https://openclaw.ai/showcase ("What People Are Building").',
-    "What now",
+    'Showcase: https://openclaw.ai/showcase',
+    t("onboarding.finalize.whatNow"),
   );
 
   await prompter.outro(
     controlUiOpened
-      ? "Onboarding complete. Dashboard opened with your token; keep that tab to control OpenClaw."
+      ? t("onboarding.finalize.onboardingCompleteOpened")
       : seededInBackground
-        ? "Onboarding complete. Web UI seeded in the background; open it anytime with the tokenized link above."
-        : "Onboarding complete. Use the tokenized dashboard link above to control OpenClaw.",
+        ? t("onboarding.finalize.onboardingCompleteSeeded")
+        : t("onboarding.finalize.onboardingComplete"),
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/wizard/onboarding.gateway-config.ts b/src/wizard/onboarding.gateway-config.ts
index d7dceae24..f85e6a0b5 100644
--- a/src/wizard/onboarding.gateway-config.ts
+++ b/src/wizard/onboarding.gateway-config.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type {
   WizardFlow,
 } from "./onboarding.types.js";
 import type { WizardPrompter } from "./prompts.js";
+import { t } from "./i18n.js";
 
 type ConfigureGatewayOptions = {
   flow: WizardFlow;
@@ -35,29 +36,29 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
     flow === "quickstart"
       ? quickstartGateway.port
       : Number.parseInt(
-          String(
-            await prompter.text({
-              message: "Gateway port",
-              initialValue: String(localPort),
-              validate: (value) => (Number.isFinite(Number(value)) ? undefined : "Invalid port"),
-            }),
-          ),
-          10,
-        );
+        String(
+          await prompter.text({
+            message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.port"),
+            initialValue: String(localPort),
+            validate: (value) => (Number.isFinite(Number(value)) ? undefined : t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.invalidPort")),
+          }),
+        ),
+        10,
+      );
 
   let bind = (
     flow === "quickstart"
       ? quickstartGateway.bind
       : ((await prompter.select({
-          message: "Gateway bind",
-          options: [
-            { value: "loopback", label: "Loopback (127.0.0.1)" },
-            { value: "lan", label: "LAN (0.0.0.0)" },
-            { value: "tailnet", label: "Tailnet (Tailscale IP)" },
-            { value: "auto", label: "Auto (Loopback → LAN)" },
-            { value: "custom", label: "Custom IP" },
-          ],
-        })) as "loopback" | "lan" | "auto" | "custom" | "tailnet")
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.bind"),
+        options: [
+          { value: "loopback", label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindLoopback") },
+          { value: "lan", label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindLan") },
+          { value: "tailnet", label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindTailnet") },
+          { value: "auto", label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindAuto") },
+          { value: "custom", label: t("onboarding.gateway.bindCustom") },
+        ],
+      })) as "loopback" | "lan" | "auto" | "custom" | "tailnet")
   ) as "loopback" | "lan" | "auto" | "custom" | "tailnet";
 
   let customBindHost = quickstartGateway.customBindHost;
@@ -65,14 +66,14 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
     const needsPrompt = flow !== "quickstart" || !customBindHost;
     if (needsPrompt) {
       const input = await prompter.text({
-        message: "Custom IP address",
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.customIp"),
         placeholder: "192.168.1.100",
         initialValue: customBindHost ?? "",
         validate: (value) => {
-          if (!value) return "IP address is required for custom bind mode";
+          if (!value) return t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.customIpRequired");
           const trimmed = value.trim();
           const parts = trimmed.split(".");
-          if (parts.length !== 4) return "Invalid IPv4 address (e.g., 192.168.1.100)";
+          if (parts.length !== 4) return t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.invalidIp");
           if (
             parts.every((part) => {
               const n = parseInt(part, 10);
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
             })
           )
             return undefined;
-          return "Invalid IPv4 address (each octet must be 0-255)";
+          return t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.invalidIpOctet");
         },
       });
       customBindHost = typeof input === "string" ? input.trim() : undefined;
@@ -91,38 +92,38 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
     flow === "quickstart"
       ? quickstartGateway.authMode
       : ((await prompter.select({
-          message: "Gateway auth",
-          options: [
-            {
-              value: "token",
-              label: "Token",
-              hint: "Recommended default (local + remote)",
-            },
-            { value: "password", label: "Password" },
-          ],
-          initialValue: "token",
-        })) as GatewayAuthChoice)
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.auth"),
+        options: [
+          {
+            value: "token",
+            label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authToken"),
+            hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authTokenHint"),
+          },
+          { value: "password", label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.authPassword") },
+        ],
+        initialValue: "token",
+      })) as GatewayAuthChoice)
   ) as GatewayAuthChoice;
 
   const tailscaleMode = (
     flow === "quickstart"
       ? quickstartGateway.tailscaleMode
       : ((await prompter.select({
-          message: "Tailscale exposure",
-          options: [
-            { value: "off", label: "Off", hint: "No Tailscale exposure" },
-            {
-              value: "serve",
-              label: "Serve",
-              hint: "Private HTTPS for your tailnet (devices on Tailscale)",
-            },
-            {
-              value: "funnel",
-              label: "Funnel",
-              hint: "Public HTTPS via Tailscale Funnel (internet)",
-            },
-          ],
-        })) as "off" | "serve" | "funnel")
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsExposure"),
+        options: [
+          { value: "off", label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsOff"), hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsOffHint") },
+          {
+            value: "serve",
+            label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsServe"),
+            hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsServeHint"),
+          },
+          {
+            value: "funnel",
+            label: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsFunnel"),
+            hint: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsFunnelHint"),
+          },
+        ],
+      })) as "off" | "serve" | "funnel")
   ) as "off" | "serve" | "funnel";
 
   // Detect Tailscale binary before proceeding with serve/funnel setup.
@@ -130,14 +131,8 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
     const tailscaleBin = await findTailscaleBinary();
     if (!tailscaleBin) {
       await prompter.note(
-        [
-          "Tailscale binary not found in PATH or /Applications.",
-          "Ensure Tailscale is installed from:",
-          "  https://tailscale.com/download/mac",
-          "",
-          "You can continue setup, but serve/funnel will fail at runtime.",
-        ].join("\n"),
-        "Tailscale Warning",
+        t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsNotFound"),
+        t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsWarningTitle"),
       );
     }
   }
@@ -145,14 +140,14 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
   let tailscaleResetOnExit = flow === "quickstart" ? quickstartGateway.tailscaleResetOnExit : false;
   if (tailscaleMode !== "off" && flow !== "quickstart") {
     await prompter.note(
-      ["Docs:", "https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/tailscale", "https://docs.openclaw.ai/web"].join(
+      [t("onboarding.finalize.healthDocsPrefix"), "https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/tailscale", "https://docs.openclaw.ai/web"].join(
         "\n",
       ),
-      "Tailscale",
+      t("onboarding.gateway.tailscale"),
     );
     tailscaleResetOnExit = Boolean(
       await prompter.confirm({
-        message: "Reset Tailscale serve/funnel on exit?",
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsResetConfirm"),
         initialValue: false,
       }),
     );
@@ -162,13 +157,13 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
   // - Tailscale wants bind=loopback so we never expose a non-loopback server + tailscale serve/funnel at once.
   // - Funnel requires password auth.
   if (tailscaleMode !== "off" && bind !== "loopback") {
-    await prompter.note("Tailscale requires bind=loopback. Adjusting bind to loopback.", "Note");
+    await prompter.note(t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsAdjustBind"), t("onboarding.gateway.tailscale"));
     bind = "loopback";
     customBindHost = undefined;
   }
 
   if (tailscaleMode === "funnel" && authMode !== "password") {
-    await prompter.note("Tailscale funnel requires password auth.", "Note");
+    await prompter.note(t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tsFunnelAuth"), t("onboarding.gateway.tailscale"));
     authMode = "password";
   }
 
@@ -178,8 +173,8 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
       gatewayToken = quickstartGateway.token ?? randomToken();
     } else {
       const tokenInput = await prompter.text({
-        message: "Gateway token (blank to generate)",
-        placeholder: "Needed for multi-machine or non-loopback access",
+        message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tokenPlaceholder"),
+        placeholder: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.tokenHint"),
         initialValue: quickstartGateway.token ?? "",
       });
       gatewayToken = String(tokenInput).trim() || randomToken();
@@ -191,9 +186,9 @@ export async function configureGatewayForOnboarding(
       flow === "quickstart" && quickstartGateway.password
         ? quickstartGateway.password
         : await prompter.text({
-            message: "Gateway password",
-            validate: (value) => (value?.trim() ? undefined : "Required"),
-          });
+          message: t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.passwordLabel"),
+          validate: (value) => (value?.trim() ? undefined : t("onboarding.gatewayConfig.passwordRequired")),
+        });
     nextConfig = {
       ...nextConfig,
       gateway: {
diff --git a/src/wizard/onboarding.ts b/src/wizard/onboarding.ts
index ef2e349c6..7989b3f00 100644
--- a/src/wizard/onboarding.ts
+++ b/src/wizard/onboarding.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import { logConfigUpdated } from "../config/logging.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
 import { defaultRuntime } from "../runtime.js";
 import { resolveUserPath } from "../utils.js";
+import { t } from "./i18n.js";
 import { finalizeOnboardingWizard } from "./onboarding.finalize.js";
 import { configureGatewayForOnboarding } from "./onboarding.gateway-config.js";
 import type { QuickstartGatewayDefaults, WizardFlow } from "./onboarding.types.js";
@@ -50,33 +51,12 @@ async function requireRiskAcknowledgement(params: {
   if (params.opts.acceptRisk === true) return;
 
   await params.prompter.note(
-    [
-      "Security warning — please read.",
-      "",
-      "OpenClaw is a hobby project and still in beta. Expect sharp edges.",
-      "This bot can read files and run actions if tools are enabled.",
-      "A bad prompt can trick it into doing unsafe things.",
-      "",
-      "If you’re not comfortable with basic security and access control, don’t run OpenClaw.",
-      "Ask someone experienced to help before enabling tools or exposing it to the internet.",
-      "",
-      "Recommended baseline:",
-      "- Pairing/allowlists + mention gating.",
-      "- Sandbox + least-privilege tools.",
-      "- Keep secrets out of the agent’s reachable filesystem.",
-      "- Use the strongest available model for any bot with tools or untrusted inboxes.",
-      "",
-      "Run regularly:",
-      "openclaw security audit --deep",
-      "openclaw security audit --fix",
-      "",
-      "Must read: https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/security",
-    ].join("\n"),
-    "Security",
+    t("onboarding.security.note"),
+    t("onboarding.security.title"),
   );
 
   const ok = await params.prompter.confirm({
-    message: "I understand this is powerful and inherently risky. Continue?",
+    message: t("onboarding.security.confirm"),
     initialValue: false,
   });
   if (!ok) {
@@ -90,14 +70,14 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
   prompter: WizardPrompter,
 ) {
   printWizardHeader(runtime);
-  await prompter.intro("OpenClaw onboarding");
+  await prompter.intro(t("onboarding.intro"));
   await requireRiskAcknowledgement({ opts, prompter });
 
   const snapshot = await readConfigFileSnapshot();
   let baseConfig: OpenClawConfig = snapshot.valid ? snapshot.config : {};
 
   if (snapshot.exists && !snapshot.valid) {
-    await prompter.note(summarizeExistingConfig(baseConfig), "Invalid config");
+    await prompter.note(summarizeExistingConfig(baseConfig), t("onboarding.config.invalid"));
     if (snapshot.issues.length > 0) {
       await prompter.note(
         [
@@ -105,18 +85,18 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
           "",
           "Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/configuration",
         ].join("\n"),
-        "Config issues",
+        t("onboarding.config.issues"),
       );
     }
     await prompter.outro(
-      `Config invalid. Run \`${formatCliCommand("openclaw doctor")}\` to repair it, then re-run onboarding.`,
+      t("onboarding.config.repair"),
     );
     runtime.exit(1);
     return;
   }
 
-  const quickstartHint = `Configure details later via ${formatCliCommand("openclaw configure")}.`;
-  const manualHint = "Configure port, network, Tailscale, and auth options.";
+  const quickstartHint = t("onboarding.flow.quickstartHint");
+  const manualHint = t("onboarding.flow.manualHint");
   const explicitFlowRaw = opts.flow?.trim();
   const normalizedExplicitFlow = explicitFlowRaw === "manual" ? "advanced" : explicitFlowRaw;
   if (
@@ -124,7 +104,7 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
     normalizedExplicitFlow !== "quickstart" &&
     normalizedExplicitFlow !== "advanced"
   ) {
-    runtime.error("Invalid --flow (use quickstart, manual, or advanced).");
+    runtime.error(t("onboarding.flow.invalidFlow"));
     runtime.exit(1);
     return;
   }
@@ -135,47 +115,47 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
   let flow: WizardFlow =
     explicitFlow ??
     ((await prompter.select({
-      message: "Onboarding mode",
+      message: t("onboarding.flow.modeSelect"),
       options: [
-        { value: "quickstart", label: "QuickStart", hint: quickstartHint },
-        { value: "advanced", label: "Manual", hint: manualHint },
+        { value: "quickstart", label: t("onboarding.flow.quickstart"), hint: quickstartHint },
+        { value: "advanced", label: t("onboarding.flow.manual"), hint: manualHint },
       ],
       initialValue: "quickstart",
     })) as "quickstart" | "advanced");
 
   if (opts.mode === "remote" && flow === "quickstart") {
     await prompter.note(
-      "QuickStart only supports local gateways. Switching to Manual mode.",
-      "QuickStart",
+      t("onboarding.flow.remoteSwitch"),
+      t("onboarding.flow.quickstart"),
     );
     flow = "advanced";
   }
 
   if (snapshot.exists) {
-    await prompter.note(summarizeExistingConfig(baseConfig), "Existing config detected");
+    await prompter.note(summarizeExistingConfig(baseConfig), t("onboarding.existingConfig.title"));
 
     const action = (await prompter.select({
-      message: "Config handling",
+      message: t("onboarding.existingConfig.action"),
       options: [
-        { value: "keep", label: "Use existing values" },
-        { value: "modify", label: "Update values" },
-        { value: "reset", label: "Reset" },
+        { value: "keep", label: t("onboarding.existingConfig.keep") },
+        { value: "modify", label: t("onboarding.existingConfig.modify") },
+        { value: "reset", label: t("onboarding.existingConfig.reset") },
       ],
     })) as "keep" | "modify" | "reset";
 
     if (action === "reset") {
       const workspaceDefault = baseConfig.agents?.defaults?.workspace ?? DEFAULT_WORKSPACE;
       const resetScope = (await prompter.select({
-        message: "Reset scope",
+        message: t("onboarding.existingConfig.resetScope"),
         options: [
-          { value: "config", label: "Config only" },
+          { value: "config", label: t("onboarding.existingConfig.scopeConfig") },
           {
             value: "config+creds+sessions",
-            label: "Config + creds + sessions",
+            label: t("onboarding.existingConfig.scopeConfigCreds"),
           },
           {
             value: "full",
-            label: "Full reset (config + creds + sessions + workspace)",
+            label: t("onboarding.existingConfig.scopeFull"),
           },
         ],
       })) as ResetScope;
@@ -197,10 +177,10 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
     const bindRaw = baseConfig.gateway?.bind;
     const bind =
       bindRaw === "loopback" ||
-      bindRaw === "lan" ||
-      bindRaw === "auto" ||
-      bindRaw === "custom" ||
-      bindRaw === "tailnet"
+        bindRaw === "lan" ||
+        bindRaw === "auto" ||
+        bindRaw === "custom" ||
+        bindRaw === "tailnet"
         ? bindRaw
         : "loopback";
 
@@ -237,41 +217,41 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
 
   if (flow === "quickstart") {
     const formatBind = (value: "loopback" | "lan" | "auto" | "custom" | "tailnet") => {
-      if (value === "loopback") return "Loopback (127.0.0.1)";
-      if (value === "lan") return "LAN";
-      if (value === "custom") return "Custom IP";
-      if (value === "tailnet") return "Tailnet (Tailscale IP)";
-      return "Auto";
+      if (value === "loopback") return t("onboarding.gateway.bindLoopback");
+      if (value === "lan") return t("onboarding.gateway.bindLan");
+      if (value === "custom") return t("onboarding.gateway.bindCustom");
+      if (value === "tailnet") return t("onboarding.gateway.bindTailnet");
+      return t("onboarding.gateway.bindAuto");
     };
     const formatAuth = (value: GatewayAuthChoice) => {
-      if (value === "token") return "Token (default)";
-      return "Password";
+      if (value === "token") return t("onboarding.gateway.authToken");
+      return t("onboarding.gateway.authPassword");
     };
     const formatTailscale = (value: "off" | "serve" | "funnel") => {
-      if (value === "off") return "Off";
-      if (value === "serve") return "Serve";
-      return "Funnel";
+      if (value === "off") return t("onboarding.gateway.tsOff");
+      if (value === "serve") return t("onboarding.gateway.tsServe");
+      return t("onboarding.gateway.tsFunnel");
     };
     const quickstartLines = quickstartGateway.hasExisting
       ? [
-          "Keeping your current gateway settings:",
-          `Gateway port: ${quickstartGateway.port}`,
-          `Gateway bind: ${formatBind(quickstartGateway.bind)}`,
-          ...(quickstartGateway.bind === "custom" && quickstartGateway.customBindHost
-            ? [`Gateway custom IP: ${quickstartGateway.customBindHost}`]
-            : []),
-          `Gateway auth: ${formatAuth(quickstartGateway.authMode)}`,
-          `Tailscale exposure: ${formatTailscale(quickstartGateway.tailscaleMode)}`,
-          "Direct to chat channels.",
-        ]
+        t("onboarding.gateway.keepSettings"),
+        `${t("onboarding.gateway.port")}: ${quickstartGateway.port}`,
+        `${t("onboarding.gateway.bind")}: ${formatBind(quickstartGateway.bind)}`,
+        ...(quickstartGateway.bind === "custom" && quickstartGateway.customBindHost
+          ? [`${t("onboarding.gateway.bindCustom")}: ${quickstartGateway.customBindHost}`]
+          : []),
+        `${t("onboarding.gateway.auth")}: ${formatAuth(quickstartGateway.authMode)}`,
+        `${t("onboarding.gateway.tailscale")}: ${formatTailscale(quickstartGateway.tailscaleMode)}`,
+        t("onboarding.gateway.chatChannels"),
+      ]
       : [
-          `Gateway port: ${DEFAULT_GATEWAY_PORT}`,
-          "Gateway bind: Loopback (127.0.0.1)",
-          "Gateway auth: Token (default)",
-          "Tailscale exposure: Off",
-          "Direct to chat channels.",
-        ];
-    await prompter.note(quickstartLines.join("\n"), "QuickStart");
+        `${t("onboarding.gateway.port")}: ${DEFAULT_GATEWAY_PORT}`,
+        `${t("onboarding.gateway.bind")}: ${t("onboarding.gateway.bindLoopback")}`,
+        `${t("onboarding.gateway.auth")}: ${t("onboarding.gateway.authToken")}`,
+        `${t("onboarding.gateway.tailscale")}: ${t("onboarding.gateway.tsOff")}`,
+        t("onboarding.gateway.chatChannels"),
+      ];
+    await prompter.note(quickstartLines.join("\n"), t("onboarding.flow.quickstart"));
   }
 
   const localPort = resolveGatewayPort(baseConfig);
@@ -284,9 +264,9 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
   const remoteUrl = baseConfig.gateway?.remote?.url?.trim() ?? "";
   const remoteProbe = remoteUrl
     ? await probeGatewayReachable({
-        url: remoteUrl,
-        token: baseConfig.gateway?.remote?.token,
-      })
+      url: remoteUrl,
+      token: baseConfig.gateway?.remote?.token,
+    })
     : null;
 
   const mode =
@@ -294,33 +274,33 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
     (flow === "quickstart"
       ? "local"
       : ((await prompter.select({
-          message: "What do you want to set up?",
-          options: [
-            {
-              value: "local",
-              label: "Local gateway (this machine)",
-              hint: localProbe.ok
-                ? `Gateway reachable (${localUrl})`
-                : `No gateway detected (${localUrl})`,
-            },
-            {
-              value: "remote",
-              label: "Remote gateway (info-only)",
-              hint: !remoteUrl
-                ? "No remote URL configured yet"
-                : remoteProbe?.ok
-                  ? `Gateway reachable (${remoteUrl})`
-                  : `Configured but unreachable (${remoteUrl})`,
-            },
-          ],
-        })) as OnboardMode));
+        message: t("onboarding.setup.question"),
+        options: [
+          {
+            value: "local",
+            label: t("onboarding.setup.local"),
+            hint: localProbe.ok
+              ? `${t("onboarding.setup.localOk")} (${localUrl})`
+              : `${t("onboarding.setup.localFail")} (${localUrl})`,
+          },
+          {
+            value: "remote",
+            label: t("onboarding.setup.remote"),
+            hint: !remoteUrl
+              ? t("onboarding.setup.remoteNoUrl")
+              : remoteProbe?.ok
+                ? `${t("onboarding.setup.remoteOk")} (${remoteUrl})`
+                : `${t("onboarding.setup.remoteFail")} (${remoteUrl})`,
+          },
+        ],
+      })) as OnboardMode));
 
   if (mode === "remote") {
     let nextConfig = await promptRemoteGatewayConfig(baseConfig, prompter);
     nextConfig = applyWizardMetadata(nextConfig, { command: "onboard", mode });
     await writeConfigFile(nextConfig);
     logConfigUpdated(runtime);
-    await prompter.outro("Remote gateway configured.");
+    await prompter.outro(t("onboarding.setup.remoteDone"));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -329,9 +309,9 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
     (flow === "quickstart"
       ? (baseConfig.agents?.defaults?.workspace ?? DEFAULT_WORKSPACE)
       : await prompter.text({
-          message: "Workspace directory",
-          initialValue: baseConfig.agents?.defaults?.workspace ?? DEFAULT_WORKSPACE,
-        }));
+        message: t("onboarding.setup.workspaceDir"),
+        initialValue: baseConfig.agents?.defaults?.workspace ?? DEFAULT_WORKSPACE,
+      }));
 
   const workspaceDir = resolveUserPath(workspaceInput.trim() || DEFAULT_WORKSPACE);
 
@@ -403,13 +383,13 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
   const settings = gateway.settings;
 
   if (opts.skipChannels ?? opts.skipProviders) {
-    await prompter.note("Skipping channel setup.", "Channels");
+    await prompter.note(t("onboarding.setup.skippingChannels"), t("onboarding.gateway.chatChannels"));
   } else {
     const quickstartAllowFromChannels =
       flow === "quickstart"
         ? listChannelPlugins()
-            .filter((plugin) => plugin.meta.quickstartAllowFrom)
-            .map((plugin) => plugin.id)
+          .filter((plugin) => plugin.meta.quickstartAllowFrom)
+          .map((plugin) => plugin.id)
         : [];
     nextConfig = await setupChannels(nextConfig, runtime, prompter, {
       allowSignalInstall: true,
@@ -427,7 +407,7 @@ export async function runOnboardingWizard(
   });
 
   if (opts.skipSkills) {
-    await prompter.note("Skipping skills setup.", "Skills");
+    await prompter.note(t("onboarding.setup.skippingSkills"), t("onboarding.setup.skills"));
   } else {
     nextConfig = await setupSkills(nextConfig, workspaceDir, runtime, prompter);
   }
diff --git a/ui/package-lock.json b/ui/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..230df7e09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1686 @@
+{
+  "name": "openclaw-control-ui",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "openclaw-control-ui",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/ed25519": "3.0.0",
+        "dompurify": "^3.3.1",
+        "lit": "^3.3.2",
+        "marked": "^17.0.1",
+        "vite": "7.3.1"
+      },
+      "devDependencies": {
+        "@vitest/browser-playwright": "4.0.18",
+        "playwright": "^1.58.0",
+        "typescript": "^5.9.3",
+        "vitest": "4.0.18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GZMB+a0mOMZs4MpDbj8RJp4cw+w1WV5NYD6xzgvzUJ5Ek2jerwfO2eADyI6ExDSUED+1X8aMbegahsJi+8mgpw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "aix"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm/-/android-arm-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-DVNI8jlPa7Ujbr1yjU2PfUSRtAUZPG9I1RwW4F4xFB1Imiu2on0ADiI/c3td+KmDtVKNbi+nffGDQMfcIMkwIA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm64/-/android-arm64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pvz8ZZ7ot/RBphf8fv60ljmaoydPU12VuXHImtAs0XhLLw+EXBi2BLe3OYSBslR4rryHvweW5gmkKFwTiFy6KA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-x64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-x64/-/android-x64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-z8Ank4Byh4TJJOh4wpz8g2vDy75zFL0TlZlkUkEwYXuPSgX8yzep596n6mT7905kA9uHZsf/o2OJZubl2l3M7A==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/-/darwin-arm64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-davCD2Zc80nzDVRwXTcQP/28fiJbcOwvdolL0sOiOsbwBa72kegmVU0Wrh1MYrbuCL98Omp5dVhQFWRKR2ZAlg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-x64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-x64/-/darwin-x64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ZxtijOmlQCBWGwbVmwOF/UCzuGIbUkqB1faQRf5akQmxRJ1ujusWsb3CVfk/9iZKr2L5SMU5wPBi1UWbvL+VQA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/freebsd-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/freebsd-arm64/-/freebsd-arm64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lS/9CN+rgqQ9czogxlMcBMGd+l8Q3Nj1MFQwBZJyoEKI50XGxwuzznYdwcav6lpOGv5BqaZXqvBSiB/kJ5op+g==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "freebsd"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/freebsd-x64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/freebsd-x64/-/freebsd-x64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-tAfqtNYb4YgPnJlEFu4c212HYjQWSO/w/h/lQaBK7RbwGIkBOuNKQI9tqWzx7Wtp7bTPaGC6MJvWI608P3wXYA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "freebsd"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-arm": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-arm/-/linux-arm-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vWfq4GaIMP9AIe4yj1ZUW18RDhx6EPQKjwe7n8BbIecFtCQG4CfHGaHuh7fdfq+y3LIA2vGS/o9ZBGVxIDi9hw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-arm64/-/linux-arm64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hYxN8pr66NsCCiRFkHUAsxylNOcAQaxSSkHMMjcpx0si13t1LHFphxJZUiGwojB1a/Hd5OiPIqDdXONia6bhTw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-ia32": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-ia32/-/linux-ia32-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MJt5BRRSScPDwG2hLelYhAAKh9imjHK5+NE/tvnRLbIqUWa+0E9N4WNMjmp/kXXPHZGqPLxggwVhz7QP8CTR8w==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ia32"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-loong64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-loong64/-/linux-loong64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lugyF1atnAT463aO6KPshVCJK5NgRnU4yb3FUumyVz+cGvZbontBgzeGFO1nF+dPueHD367a2ZXe1NtUkAjOtg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "loong64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-mips64el": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-mips64el/-/linux-mips64el-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nlP2I6ArEBewvJ2gjrrkESEZkB5mIoaTswuqNFRv/WYd+ATtUpe9Y09RnJvgvdag7he0OWgEZWhviS1OTOKixw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "mips64el"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-ppc64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-ppc64/-/linux-ppc64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-C92gnpey7tUQONqg1n6dKVbx3vphKtTHJaNG2Ok9lGwbZil6DrfyecMsp9CrmXGQJmZ7iiVXvvZH6Ml5hL6XdQ==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-riscv64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-riscv64/-/linux-riscv64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-B5BOmojNtUyN8AXlK0QJyvjEZkWwy/FKvakkTDCziX95AowLZKR6aCDhG7LeF7uMCXEJqwa8Bejz5LTPYm8AvA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "riscv64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-s390x": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-s390x/-/linux-s390x-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-p4bm9+wsPwup5Z8f4EpfN63qNagQ47Ua2znaqGH6bqLlmJ4bx97Y9JdqxgGZ6Y8xVTixUnEkoKSHcpRlDnNr5w==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "s390x"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-x64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-x64/-/linux-x64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uwp2Tip5aPmH+NRUwTcfLb+W32WXjpFejTIOWZFw/v7/KnpCDKG66u4DLcurQpiYTiYwQ9B7KOeMJvLCu/OvbA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/netbsd-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/netbsd-arm64/-/netbsd-arm64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Kj6DiBlwXrPsCRDeRvGAUb/LNrBASrfqAIok+xB0LxK8CHqxZ037viF13ugfsIpePH93mX7xfJp97cyDuTZ3cw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "netbsd"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/netbsd-x64": {
+      "version": "0.27.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/netbsd-x64/-/netbsd-x64-0.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HwGDZ0VLVBY3Y+Nw0JexZy9o/nUAWq9MlV7cahpaXKW6TOzfVno3y3/M8Ga8u8Yr7GldLOov27xiCnqRZf0tCA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "netbsd"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/openbsd-arm64": {
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+}
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/app-render.ts b/ui/src/ui/app-render.ts
index d692693cb..188d18a41 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/app-render.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/app-render.ts
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ import {
 import { loadCronRuns, toggleCronJob, runCronJob, removeCronJob, addCronJob } from "./controllers/cron";
 import { loadDebug, callDebugMethod } from "./controllers/debug";
 import { loadLogs } from "./controllers/logs";
+import { t } from "./i18n";
 
 const AVATAR_DATA_RE = /^data:/i;
 const AVATAR_HTTP_RE = /^https?:\/\//i;
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ export function renderApp(state: AppViewState) {
   const presenceCount = state.presenceEntries.length;
   const sessionsCount = state.sessionsResult?.count ?? null;
   const cronNext = state.cronStatus?.nextWakeAtMs ?? null;
-  const chatDisabledReason = state.connected ? null : "Disconnected from gateway.";
+  const chatDisabledReason = state.connected ? null : t("common.disconnected");
   const isChat = state.tab === "chat";
   const chatFocus = isChat && (state.settings.chatFocusMode || state.onboarding);
   const showThinking = state.onboarding ? false : state.settings.chatShowThinking;
@@ -119,12 +120,12 @@ export function renderApp(state: AppViewState) {
           <button
             class="nav-collapse-toggle"
             @click=${() =>
-              state.applySettings({
-                ...state.settings,
-                navCollapsed: !state.settings.navCollapsed,
-              })}
-            title="${state.settings.navCollapsed ? "Expand sidebar" : "Collapse sidebar"}"
-            aria-label="${state.settings.navCollapsed ? "Expand sidebar" : "Collapse sidebar"}"
+      state.applySettings({
+        ...state.settings,
+        navCollapsed: !state.settings.navCollapsed,
+      })}
+            title="${state.settings.navCollapsed ? t("app.expandSidebar") : t("app.collapseSidebar")}"
+            aria-label="${state.settings.navCollapsed ? t("app.expandSidebar") : t("app.collapseSidebar")}"
           >
             <span class="nav-collapse-toggle__icon">${icons.menu}</span>
           </button>
@@ -133,39 +134,43 @@ export function renderApp(state: AppViewState) {
               <img src="https://mintcdn.com/clawdhub/4rYvG-uuZrMK_URE/assets/pixel-lobster.svg?fit=max&auto=format&n=4rYvG-uuZrMK_URE&q=85&s=da2032e9eac3b5d9bfe7eb96ca6a8a26" alt="OpenClaw" />
             </div>
             <div class="brand-text">
-              <div class="brand-title">OPENCLAW</div>
-              <div class="brand-sub">Gateway Dashboard</div>
+              <div class="brand-title">${t("app.title")}</div>
+              <div class="brand-sub">${t("app.subtitle")}</div>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
         <div class="topbar-status">
           <div class="pill">
             <span class="statusDot ${state.connected ? "ok" : ""}"></span>
-            <span>Health</span>
-            <span class="mono">${state.connected ? "OK" : "Offline"}</span>
+            <span>${t("app.health")}</span>
+            <span class="mono">${state.connected ? t("app.healthOk") : t("app.healthOffline")}</span>
           </div>
           ${renderThemeToggle(state)}
         </div>
       </header>
       <aside class="nav ${state.settings.navCollapsed ? "nav--collapsed" : ""}">
         ${TAB_GROUPS.map((group) => {
-          const isGroupCollapsed = state.settings.navGroupsCollapsed[group.label] ?? false;
-          const hasActiveTab = group.tabs.some((tab) => tab === state.tab);
-          return html`
+        const isGroupCollapsed = state.settings.navGroupsCollapsed[group.label] ?? false;
+        const hasActiveTab = group.tabs.some((tab) => tab === state.tab);
+        const groupLabel = group.label === "Chat" ? t("nav.chat") :
+          group.label === "Control" ? t("nav.control") :
+            group.label === "Agent" ? t("nav.agent") :
+              group.label === "Settings" ? t("nav.settings") : group.label;
+        return html`
             <div class="nav-group ${isGroupCollapsed && !hasActiveTab ? "nav-group--collapsed" : ""}">
               <button
                 class="nav-label"
                 @click=${() => {
-                  const next = { ...state.settings.navGroupsCollapsed };
-                  next[group.label] = !isGroupCollapsed;
-                  state.applySettings({
-                    ...state.settings,
-                    navGroupsCollapsed: next,
-                  });
-                }}
+            const next = { ...state.settings.navGroupsCollapsed };
+            next[group.label] = !isGroupCollapsed;
+            state.applySettings({
+              ...state.settings,
+              navGroupsCollapsed: next,
+            });
+          }}
                 aria-expanded=${!isGroupCollapsed}
               >
-                <span class="nav-label__text">${group.label}</span>
+                <span class="nav-label__text">${groupLabel}</span>
                 <span class="nav-label__chevron">${isGroupCollapsed ? "+" : "−"}</span>
               </button>
               <div class="nav-group__items">
@@ -173,10 +178,10 @@ export function renderApp(state: AppViewState) {
               </div>
             </div>
           `;
-        })}
+      })}
         <div class="nav-group nav-group--links">
           <div class="nav-label nav-label--static">
-            <span class="nav-label__text">Resources</span>
+            <span class="nav-label__text">${t("nav.resources")}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="nav-group__items">
             <a
@@ -184,10 +189,10 @@ export function renderApp(state: AppViewState) {
               href="https://docs.openclaw.ai"
               target="_blank"
               rel="noreferrer"
-              title="Docs (opens in new tab)"
+              title="${t("app.openDocs")}"
             >
               <span class="nav-item__icon" aria-hidden="true">${icons.book}</span>
-              <span class="nav-item__text">Docs</span>
+              <span class="nav-item__text">${t("app.docs")}</span>
             </a>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -200,383 +205,383 @@ export function renderApp(state: AppViewState) {
           </div>
           <div class="page-meta">
             ${state.lastError
-              ? html`<div class="pill danger">${state.lastError}</div>`
-              : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="pill danger">${state.lastError}</div>`
+      : nothing}
             ${isChat ? renderChatControls(state) : nothing}
           </div>
         </section>
 
         ${state.tab === "overview"
-          ? renderOverview({
-              connected: state.connected,
-              hello: state.hello,
-              settings: state.settings,
-              password: state.password,
-              lastError: state.lastError,
-              presenceCount,
-              sessionsCount,
-              cronEnabled: state.cronStatus?.enabled ?? null,
-              cronNext,
-              lastChannelsRefresh: state.channelsLastSuccess,
-              onSettingsChange: (next) => state.applySettings(next),
-              onPasswordChange: (next) => (state.password = next),
-              onSessionKeyChange: (next) => {
-                state.sessionKey = next;
-                state.chatMessage = "";
-                state.resetToolStream();
-                state.applySettings({
-                  ...state.settings,
-                  sessionKey: next,
-                  lastActiveSessionKey: next,
-                });
-                void state.loadAssistantIdentity();
-              },
-              onConnect: () => state.connect(),
-              onRefresh: () => state.loadOverview(),
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderOverview({
+        connected: state.connected,
+        hello: state.hello,
+        settings: state.settings,
+        password: state.password,
+        lastError: state.lastError,
+        presenceCount,
+        sessionsCount,
+        cronEnabled: state.cronStatus?.enabled ?? null,
+        cronNext,
+        lastChannelsRefresh: state.channelsLastSuccess,
+        onSettingsChange: (next) => state.applySettings(next),
+        onPasswordChange: (next) => (state.password = next),
+        onSessionKeyChange: (next) => {
+          state.sessionKey = next;
+          state.chatMessage = "";
+          state.resetToolStream();
+          state.applySettings({
+            ...state.settings,
+            sessionKey: next,
+            lastActiveSessionKey: next,
+          });
+          void state.loadAssistantIdentity();
+        },
+        onConnect: () => state.connect(),
+        onRefresh: () => state.loadOverview(),
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "channels"
-          ? renderChannels({
-              connected: state.connected,
-              loading: state.channelsLoading,
-              snapshot: state.channelsSnapshot,
-              lastError: state.channelsError,
-              lastSuccessAt: state.channelsLastSuccess,
-              whatsappMessage: state.whatsappLoginMessage,
-              whatsappQrDataUrl: state.whatsappLoginQrDataUrl,
-              whatsappConnected: state.whatsappLoginConnected,
-              whatsappBusy: state.whatsappBusy,
-              configSchema: state.configSchema,
-              configSchemaLoading: state.configSchemaLoading,
-              configForm: state.configForm,
-              configUiHints: state.configUiHints,
-              configSaving: state.configSaving,
-              configFormDirty: state.configFormDirty,
-              nostrProfileFormState: state.nostrProfileFormState,
-              nostrProfileAccountId: state.nostrProfileAccountId,
-              onRefresh: (probe) => loadChannels(state, probe),
-              onWhatsAppStart: (force) => state.handleWhatsAppStart(force),
-              onWhatsAppWait: () => state.handleWhatsAppWait(),
-              onWhatsAppLogout: () => state.handleWhatsAppLogout(),
-              onConfigPatch: (path, value) => updateConfigFormValue(state, path, value),
-              onConfigSave: () => state.handleChannelConfigSave(),
-              onConfigReload: () => state.handleChannelConfigReload(),
-              onNostrProfileEdit: (accountId, profile) =>
-                state.handleNostrProfileEdit(accountId, profile),
-              onNostrProfileCancel: () => state.handleNostrProfileCancel(),
-              onNostrProfileFieldChange: (field, value) =>
-                state.handleNostrProfileFieldChange(field, value),
-              onNostrProfileSave: () => state.handleNostrProfileSave(),
-              onNostrProfileImport: () => state.handleNostrProfileImport(),
-              onNostrProfileToggleAdvanced: () => state.handleNostrProfileToggleAdvanced(),
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderChannels({
+        connected: state.connected,
+        loading: state.channelsLoading,
+        snapshot: state.channelsSnapshot,
+        lastError: state.channelsError,
+        lastSuccessAt: state.channelsLastSuccess,
+        whatsappMessage: state.whatsappLoginMessage,
+        whatsappQrDataUrl: state.whatsappLoginQrDataUrl,
+        whatsappConnected: state.whatsappLoginConnected,
+        whatsappBusy: state.whatsappBusy,
+        configSchema: state.configSchema,
+        configSchemaLoading: state.configSchemaLoading,
+        configForm: state.configForm,
+        configUiHints: state.configUiHints,
+        configSaving: state.configSaving,
+        configFormDirty: state.configFormDirty,
+        nostrProfileFormState: state.nostrProfileFormState,
+        nostrProfileAccountId: state.nostrProfileAccountId,
+        onRefresh: (probe) => loadChannels(state, probe),
+        onWhatsAppStart: (force) => state.handleWhatsAppStart(force),
+        onWhatsAppWait: () => state.handleWhatsAppWait(),
+        onWhatsAppLogout: () => state.handleWhatsAppLogout(),
+        onConfigPatch: (path, value) => updateConfigFormValue(state, path, value),
+        onConfigSave: () => state.handleChannelConfigSave(),
+        onConfigReload: () => state.handleChannelConfigReload(),
+        onNostrProfileEdit: (accountId, profile) =>
+          state.handleNostrProfileEdit(accountId, profile),
+        onNostrProfileCancel: () => state.handleNostrProfileCancel(),
+        onNostrProfileFieldChange: (field, value) =>
+          state.handleNostrProfileFieldChange(field, value),
+        onNostrProfileSave: () => state.handleNostrProfileSave(),
+        onNostrProfileImport: () => state.handleNostrProfileImport(),
+        onNostrProfileToggleAdvanced: () => state.handleNostrProfileToggleAdvanced(),
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "instances"
-          ? renderInstances({
-              loading: state.presenceLoading,
-              entries: state.presenceEntries,
-              lastError: state.presenceError,
-              statusMessage: state.presenceStatus,
-              onRefresh: () => loadPresence(state),
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderInstances({
+        loading: state.presenceLoading,
+        entries: state.presenceEntries,
+        lastError: state.presenceError,
+        statusMessage: state.presenceStatus,
+        onRefresh: () => loadPresence(state),
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "sessions"
-          ? renderSessions({
-              loading: state.sessionsLoading,
-              result: state.sessionsResult,
-              error: state.sessionsError,
-              activeMinutes: state.sessionsFilterActive,
-              limit: state.sessionsFilterLimit,
-              includeGlobal: state.sessionsIncludeGlobal,
-              includeUnknown: state.sessionsIncludeUnknown,
-              basePath: state.basePath,
-              onFiltersChange: (next) => {
-                state.sessionsFilterActive = next.activeMinutes;
-                state.sessionsFilterLimit = next.limit;
-                state.sessionsIncludeGlobal = next.includeGlobal;
-                state.sessionsIncludeUnknown = next.includeUnknown;
-	              },
-	              onRefresh: () => loadSessions(state),
-	              onPatch: (key, patch) => patchSession(state, key, patch),
-	              onDelete: (key) => deleteSession(state, key),
-	            })
-	          : nothing}
+      ? renderSessions({
+        loading: state.sessionsLoading,
+        result: state.sessionsResult,
+        error: state.sessionsError,
+        activeMinutes: state.sessionsFilterActive,
+        limit: state.sessionsFilterLimit,
+        includeGlobal: state.sessionsIncludeGlobal,
+        includeUnknown: state.sessionsIncludeUnknown,
+        basePath: state.basePath,
+        onFiltersChange: (next) => {
+          state.sessionsFilterActive = next.activeMinutes;
+          state.sessionsFilterLimit = next.limit;
+          state.sessionsIncludeGlobal = next.includeGlobal;
+          state.sessionsIncludeUnknown = next.includeUnknown;
+        },
+        onRefresh: () => loadSessions(state),
+        onPatch: (key, patch) => patchSession(state, key, patch),
+        onDelete: (key) => deleteSession(state, key),
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "cron"
-          ? renderCron({
-              loading: state.cronLoading,
-              status: state.cronStatus,
-              jobs: state.cronJobs,
-              error: state.cronError,
-              busy: state.cronBusy,
-              form: state.cronForm,
-              channels: state.channelsSnapshot?.channelMeta?.length
-                ? state.channelsSnapshot.channelMeta.map((entry) => entry.id)
-                : state.channelsSnapshot?.channelOrder ?? [],
-              channelLabels: state.channelsSnapshot?.channelLabels ?? {},
-              channelMeta: state.channelsSnapshot?.channelMeta ?? [],
-              runsJobId: state.cronRunsJobId,
-              runs: state.cronRuns,
-              onFormChange: (patch) => (state.cronForm = { ...state.cronForm, ...patch }),
-              onRefresh: () => state.loadCron(),
-              onAdd: () => addCronJob(state),
-              onToggle: (job, enabled) => toggleCronJob(state, job, enabled),
-              onRun: (job) => runCronJob(state, job),
-              onRemove: (job) => removeCronJob(state, job),
-              onLoadRuns: (jobId) => loadCronRuns(state, jobId),
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderCron({
+        loading: state.cronLoading,
+        status: state.cronStatus,
+        jobs: state.cronJobs,
+        error: state.cronError,
+        busy: state.cronBusy,
+        form: state.cronForm,
+        channels: state.channelsSnapshot?.channelMeta?.length
+          ? state.channelsSnapshot.channelMeta.map((entry) => entry.id)
+          : state.channelsSnapshot?.channelOrder ?? [],
+        channelLabels: state.channelsSnapshot?.channelLabels ?? {},
+        channelMeta: state.channelsSnapshot?.channelMeta ?? [],
+        runsJobId: state.cronRunsJobId,
+        runs: state.cronRuns,
+        onFormChange: (patch) => (state.cronForm = { ...state.cronForm, ...patch }),
+        onRefresh: () => state.loadCron(),
+        onAdd: () => addCronJob(state),
+        onToggle: (job, enabled) => toggleCronJob(state, job, enabled),
+        onRun: (job) => runCronJob(state, job),
+        onRemove: (job) => removeCronJob(state, job),
+        onLoadRuns: (jobId) => loadCronRuns(state, jobId),
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "skills"
-          ? renderSkills({
-              loading: state.skillsLoading,
-              report: state.skillsReport,
-              error: state.skillsError,
-              filter: state.skillsFilter,
-              edits: state.skillEdits,
-              messages: state.skillMessages,
-              busyKey: state.skillsBusyKey,
-              onFilterChange: (next) => (state.skillsFilter = next),
-              onRefresh: () => loadSkills(state, { clearMessages: true }),
-              onToggle: (key, enabled) => updateSkillEnabled(state, key, enabled),
-              onEdit: (key, value) => updateSkillEdit(state, key, value),
-              onSaveKey: (key) => saveSkillApiKey(state, key),
-              onInstall: (skillKey, name, installId) =>
-                installSkill(state, skillKey, name, installId),
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderSkills({
+        loading: state.skillsLoading,
+        report: state.skillsReport,
+        error: state.skillsError,
+        filter: state.skillsFilter,
+        edits: state.skillEdits,
+        messages: state.skillMessages,
+        busyKey: state.skillsBusyKey,
+        onFilterChange: (next) => (state.skillsFilter = next),
+        onRefresh: () => loadSkills(state, { clearMessages: true }),
+        onToggle: (key, enabled) => updateSkillEnabled(state, key, enabled),
+        onEdit: (key, value) => updateSkillEdit(state, key, value),
+        onSaveKey: (key) => saveSkillApiKey(state, key),
+        onInstall: (skillKey, name, installId) =>
+          installSkill(state, skillKey, name, installId),
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "nodes"
-          ? renderNodes({
-              loading: state.nodesLoading,
-              nodes: state.nodes,
-              devicesLoading: state.devicesLoading,
-              devicesError: state.devicesError,
-              devicesList: state.devicesList,
-              configForm: state.configForm ?? (state.configSnapshot?.config as Record<string, unknown> | null),
-              configLoading: state.configLoading,
-              configSaving: state.configSaving,
-              configDirty: state.configFormDirty,
-              configFormMode: state.configFormMode,
-              execApprovalsLoading: state.execApprovalsLoading,
-              execApprovalsSaving: state.execApprovalsSaving,
-              execApprovalsDirty: state.execApprovalsDirty,
-              execApprovalsSnapshot: state.execApprovalsSnapshot,
-              execApprovalsForm: state.execApprovalsForm,
-              execApprovalsSelectedAgent: state.execApprovalsSelectedAgent,
-              execApprovalsTarget: state.execApprovalsTarget,
-              execApprovalsTargetNodeId: state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId,
-              onRefresh: () => loadNodes(state),
-              onDevicesRefresh: () => loadDevices(state),
-              onDeviceApprove: (requestId) => approveDevicePairing(state, requestId),
-              onDeviceReject: (requestId) => rejectDevicePairing(state, requestId),
-              onDeviceRotate: (deviceId, role, scopes) =>
-                rotateDeviceToken(state, { deviceId, role, scopes }),
-              onDeviceRevoke: (deviceId, role) =>
-                revokeDeviceToken(state, { deviceId, role }),
-              onLoadConfig: () => loadConfig(state),
-              onLoadExecApprovals: () => {
-                const target =
-                  state.execApprovalsTarget === "node" && state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId
-                    ? { kind: "node" as const, nodeId: state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId }
-                    : { kind: "gateway" as const };
-                return loadExecApprovals(state, target);
-              },
-              onBindDefault: (nodeId) => {
-                if (nodeId) {
-                  updateConfigFormValue(state, ["tools", "exec", "node"], nodeId);
-                } else {
-                  removeConfigFormValue(state, ["tools", "exec", "node"]);
-                }
-              },
-              onBindAgent: (agentIndex, nodeId) => {
-                const basePath = ["agents", "list", agentIndex, "tools", "exec", "node"];
-                if (nodeId) {
-                  updateConfigFormValue(state, basePath, nodeId);
-                } else {
-                  removeConfigFormValue(state, basePath);
-                }
-              },
-              onSaveBindings: () => saveConfig(state),
-              onExecApprovalsTargetChange: (kind, nodeId) => {
-                state.execApprovalsTarget = kind;
-                state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId = nodeId;
-                state.execApprovalsSnapshot = null;
-                state.execApprovalsForm = null;
-                state.execApprovalsDirty = false;
-                state.execApprovalsSelectedAgent = null;
-              },
-              onExecApprovalsSelectAgent: (agentId) => {
-                state.execApprovalsSelectedAgent = agentId;
-              },
-              onExecApprovalsPatch: (path, value) =>
-                updateExecApprovalsFormValue(state, path, value),
-              onExecApprovalsRemove: (path) =>
-                removeExecApprovalsFormValue(state, path),
-              onSaveExecApprovals: () => {
-                const target =
-                  state.execApprovalsTarget === "node" && state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId
-                    ? { kind: "node" as const, nodeId: state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId }
-                    : { kind: "gateway" as const };
-                return saveExecApprovals(state, target);
-              },
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderNodes({
+        loading: state.nodesLoading,
+        nodes: state.nodes,
+        devicesLoading: state.devicesLoading,
+        devicesError: state.devicesError,
+        devicesList: state.devicesList,
+        configForm: state.configForm ?? (state.configSnapshot?.config as Record<string, unknown> | null),
+        configLoading: state.configLoading,
+        configSaving: state.configSaving,
+        configDirty: state.configFormDirty,
+        configFormMode: state.configFormMode,
+        execApprovalsLoading: state.execApprovalsLoading,
+        execApprovalsSaving: state.execApprovalsSaving,
+        execApprovalsDirty: state.execApprovalsDirty,
+        execApprovalsSnapshot: state.execApprovalsSnapshot,
+        execApprovalsForm: state.execApprovalsForm,
+        execApprovalsSelectedAgent: state.execApprovalsSelectedAgent,
+        execApprovalsTarget: state.execApprovalsTarget,
+        execApprovalsTargetNodeId: state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId,
+        onRefresh: () => loadNodes(state),
+        onDevicesRefresh: () => loadDevices(state),
+        onDeviceApprove: (requestId) => approveDevicePairing(state, requestId),
+        onDeviceReject: (requestId) => rejectDevicePairing(state, requestId),
+        onDeviceRotate: (deviceId, role, scopes) =>
+          rotateDeviceToken(state, { deviceId, role, scopes }),
+        onDeviceRevoke: (deviceId, role) =>
+          revokeDeviceToken(state, { deviceId, role }),
+        onLoadConfig: () => loadConfig(state),
+        onLoadExecApprovals: () => {
+          const target =
+            state.execApprovalsTarget === "node" && state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId
+              ? { kind: "node" as const, nodeId: state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId }
+              : { kind: "gateway" as const };
+          return loadExecApprovals(state, target);
+        },
+        onBindDefault: (nodeId) => {
+          if (nodeId) {
+            updateConfigFormValue(state, ["tools", "exec", "node"], nodeId);
+          } else {
+            removeConfigFormValue(state, ["tools", "exec", "node"]);
+          }
+        },
+        onBindAgent: (agentIndex, nodeId) => {
+          const basePath = ["agents", "list", agentIndex, "tools", "exec", "node"];
+          if (nodeId) {
+            updateConfigFormValue(state, basePath, nodeId);
+          } else {
+            removeConfigFormValue(state, basePath);
+          }
+        },
+        onSaveBindings: () => saveConfig(state),
+        onExecApprovalsTargetChange: (kind, nodeId) => {
+          state.execApprovalsTarget = kind;
+          state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId = nodeId;
+          state.execApprovalsSnapshot = null;
+          state.execApprovalsForm = null;
+          state.execApprovalsDirty = false;
+          state.execApprovalsSelectedAgent = null;
+        },
+        onExecApprovalsSelectAgent: (agentId) => {
+          state.execApprovalsSelectedAgent = agentId;
+        },
+        onExecApprovalsPatch: (path, value) =>
+          updateExecApprovalsFormValue(state, path, value),
+        onExecApprovalsRemove: (path) =>
+          removeExecApprovalsFormValue(state, path),
+        onSaveExecApprovals: () => {
+          const target =
+            state.execApprovalsTarget === "node" && state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId
+              ? { kind: "node" as const, nodeId: state.execApprovalsTargetNodeId }
+              : { kind: "gateway" as const };
+          return saveExecApprovals(state, target);
+        },
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "chat"
-          ? renderChat({
-              sessionKey: state.sessionKey,
-              onSessionKeyChange: (next) => {
-                state.sessionKey = next;
-                state.chatMessage = "";
-                state.chatAttachments = [];
-                state.chatStream = null;
-                state.chatStreamStartedAt = null;
-                state.chatRunId = null;
-                state.chatQueue = [];
-                state.resetToolStream();
-                state.resetChatScroll();
-                state.applySettings({
-                  ...state.settings,
-                  sessionKey: next,
-                  lastActiveSessionKey: next,
-                });
-                void state.loadAssistantIdentity();
-                void loadChatHistory(state);
-                void refreshChatAvatar(state);
-              },
-              thinkingLevel: state.chatThinkingLevel,
-              showThinking,
-              loading: state.chatLoading,
-              sending: state.chatSending,
-              compactionStatus: state.compactionStatus,
-              assistantAvatarUrl: chatAvatarUrl,
-              messages: state.chatMessages,
-              toolMessages: state.chatToolMessages,
-              stream: state.chatStream,
-              streamStartedAt: state.chatStreamStartedAt,
-              draft: state.chatMessage,
-              queue: state.chatQueue,
-              connected: state.connected,
-              canSend: state.connected,
-              disabledReason: chatDisabledReason,
-              error: state.lastError,
-              sessions: state.sessionsResult,
-              focusMode: chatFocus,
-              onRefresh: () => {
-                state.resetToolStream();
-                return Promise.all([loadChatHistory(state), refreshChatAvatar(state)]);
-              },
-              onToggleFocusMode: () => {
-                if (state.onboarding) return;
-                state.applySettings({
-                  ...state.settings,
-                  chatFocusMode: !state.settings.chatFocusMode,
-                });
-              },
-              onChatScroll: (event) => state.handleChatScroll(event),
-              onDraftChange: (next) => (state.chatMessage = next),
-              attachments: state.chatAttachments,
-              onAttachmentsChange: (next) => (state.chatAttachments = next),
-              onSend: () => state.handleSendChat(),
-              canAbort: Boolean(state.chatRunId),
-              onAbort: () => void state.handleAbortChat(),
-              onQueueRemove: (id) => state.removeQueuedMessage(id),
-              onNewSession: () =>
-                state.handleSendChat("/new", { restoreDraft: true }),
-              // Sidebar props for tool output viewing
-              sidebarOpen: state.sidebarOpen,
-              sidebarContent: state.sidebarContent,
-              sidebarError: state.sidebarError,
-              splitRatio: state.splitRatio,
-              onOpenSidebar: (content: string) => state.handleOpenSidebar(content),
-              onCloseSidebar: () => state.handleCloseSidebar(),
-              onSplitRatioChange: (ratio: number) => state.handleSplitRatioChange(ratio),
-              assistantName: state.assistantName,
-              assistantAvatar: state.assistantAvatar,
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderChat({
+        sessionKey: state.sessionKey,
+        onSessionKeyChange: (next) => {
+          state.sessionKey = next;
+          state.chatMessage = "";
+          state.chatAttachments = [];
+          state.chatStream = null;
+          state.chatStreamStartedAt = null;
+          state.chatRunId = null;
+          state.chatQueue = [];
+          state.resetToolStream();
+          state.resetChatScroll();
+          state.applySettings({
+            ...state.settings,
+            sessionKey: next,
+            lastActiveSessionKey: next,
+          });
+          void state.loadAssistantIdentity();
+          void loadChatHistory(state);
+          void refreshChatAvatar(state);
+        },
+        thinkingLevel: state.chatThinkingLevel,
+        showThinking,
+        loading: state.chatLoading,
+        sending: state.chatSending,
+        compactionStatus: state.compactionStatus,
+        assistantAvatarUrl: chatAvatarUrl,
+        messages: state.chatMessages,
+        toolMessages: state.chatToolMessages,
+        stream: state.chatStream,
+        streamStartedAt: state.chatStreamStartedAt,
+        draft: state.chatMessage,
+        queue: state.chatQueue,
+        connected: state.connected,
+        canSend: state.connected,
+        disabledReason: chatDisabledReason,
+        error: state.lastError,
+        sessions: state.sessionsResult,
+        focusMode: chatFocus,
+        onRefresh: () => {
+          state.resetToolStream();
+          return Promise.all([loadChatHistory(state), refreshChatAvatar(state)]);
+        },
+        onToggleFocusMode: () => {
+          if (state.onboarding) return;
+          state.applySettings({
+            ...state.settings,
+            chatFocusMode: !state.settings.chatFocusMode,
+          });
+        },
+        onChatScroll: (event) => state.handleChatScroll(event),
+        onDraftChange: (next) => (state.chatMessage = next),
+        attachments: state.chatAttachments,
+        onAttachmentsChange: (next) => (state.chatAttachments = next),
+        onSend: () => state.handleSendChat(),
+        canAbort: Boolean(state.chatRunId),
+        onAbort: () => void state.handleAbortChat(),
+        onQueueRemove: (id) => state.removeQueuedMessage(id),
+        onNewSession: () =>
+          state.handleSendChat("/new", { restoreDraft: true }),
+        // Sidebar props for tool output viewing
+        sidebarOpen: state.sidebarOpen,
+        sidebarContent: state.sidebarContent,
+        sidebarError: state.sidebarError,
+        splitRatio: state.splitRatio,
+        onOpenSidebar: (content: string) => state.handleOpenSidebar(content),
+        onCloseSidebar: () => state.handleCloseSidebar(),
+        onSplitRatioChange: (ratio: number) => state.handleSplitRatioChange(ratio),
+        assistantName: state.assistantName,
+        assistantAvatar: state.assistantAvatar,
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "config"
-          ? renderConfig({
-              raw: state.configRaw,
-              originalRaw: state.configRawOriginal,
-              valid: state.configValid,
-              issues: state.configIssues,
-              loading: state.configLoading,
-              saving: state.configSaving,
-              applying: state.configApplying,
-              updating: state.updateRunning,
-              connected: state.connected,
-              schema: state.configSchema,
-              schemaLoading: state.configSchemaLoading,
-              uiHints: state.configUiHints,
-              formMode: state.configFormMode,
-              formValue: state.configForm,
-              originalValue: state.configFormOriginal,
-              searchQuery: state.configSearchQuery,
-              activeSection: state.configActiveSection,
-              activeSubsection: state.configActiveSubsection,
-              onRawChange: (next) => {
-                state.configRaw = next;
-              },
-              onFormModeChange: (mode) => (state.configFormMode = mode),
-              onFormPatch: (path, value) => updateConfigFormValue(state, path, value),
-              onSearchChange: (query) => (state.configSearchQuery = query),
-              onSectionChange: (section) => {
-                state.configActiveSection = section;
-                state.configActiveSubsection = null;
-              },
-              onSubsectionChange: (section) => (state.configActiveSubsection = section),
-              onReload: () => loadConfig(state),
-              onSave: () => saveConfig(state),
-              onApply: () => applyConfig(state),
-              onUpdate: () => runUpdate(state),
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderConfig({
+        raw: state.configRaw,
+        originalRaw: state.configRawOriginal,
+        valid: state.configValid,
+        issues: state.configIssues,
+        loading: state.configLoading,
+        saving: state.configSaving,
+        applying: state.configApplying,
+        updating: state.updateRunning,
+        connected: state.connected,
+        schema: state.configSchema,
+        schemaLoading: state.configSchemaLoading,
+        uiHints: state.configUiHints,
+        formMode: state.configFormMode,
+        formValue: state.configForm,
+        originalValue: state.configFormOriginal,
+        searchQuery: state.configSearchQuery,
+        activeSection: state.configActiveSection,
+        activeSubsection: state.configActiveSubsection,
+        onRawChange: (next) => {
+          state.configRaw = next;
+        },
+        onFormModeChange: (mode) => (state.configFormMode = mode),
+        onFormPatch: (path, value) => updateConfigFormValue(state, path, value),
+        onSearchChange: (query) => (state.configSearchQuery = query),
+        onSectionChange: (section) => {
+          state.configActiveSection = section;
+          state.configActiveSubsection = null;
+        },
+        onSubsectionChange: (section) => (state.configActiveSubsection = section),
+        onReload: () => loadConfig(state),
+        onSave: () => saveConfig(state),
+        onApply: () => applyConfig(state),
+        onUpdate: () => runUpdate(state),
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "debug"
-          ? renderDebug({
-              loading: state.debugLoading,
-              status: state.debugStatus,
-              health: state.debugHealth,
-              models: state.debugModels,
-              heartbeat: state.debugHeartbeat,
-              eventLog: state.eventLog,
-              callMethod: state.debugCallMethod,
-              callParams: state.debugCallParams,
-              callResult: state.debugCallResult,
-              callError: state.debugCallError,
-              onCallMethodChange: (next) => (state.debugCallMethod = next),
-              onCallParamsChange: (next) => (state.debugCallParams = next),
-              onRefresh: () => loadDebug(state),
-              onCall: () => callDebugMethod(state),
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderDebug({
+        loading: state.debugLoading,
+        status: state.debugStatus,
+        health: state.debugHealth,
+        models: state.debugModels,
+        heartbeat: state.debugHeartbeat,
+        eventLog: state.eventLog,
+        callMethod: state.debugCallMethod,
+        callParams: state.debugCallParams,
+        callResult: state.debugCallResult,
+        callError: state.debugCallError,
+        onCallMethodChange: (next) => (state.debugCallMethod = next),
+        onCallParamsChange: (next) => (state.debugCallParams = next),
+        onRefresh: () => loadDebug(state),
+        onCall: () => callDebugMethod(state),
+      })
+      : nothing}
 
         ${state.tab === "logs"
-          ? renderLogs({
-              loading: state.logsLoading,
-              error: state.logsError,
-              file: state.logsFile,
-              entries: state.logsEntries,
-              filterText: state.logsFilterText,
-              levelFilters: state.logsLevelFilters,
-              autoFollow: state.logsAutoFollow,
-              truncated: state.logsTruncated,
-              onFilterTextChange: (next) => (state.logsFilterText = next),
-              onLevelToggle: (level, enabled) => {
-                state.logsLevelFilters = { ...state.logsLevelFilters, [level]: enabled };
-              },
-              onToggleAutoFollow: (next) => (state.logsAutoFollow = next),
-              onRefresh: () => loadLogs(state, { reset: true }),
-              onExport: (lines, label) => state.exportLogs(lines, label),
-              onScroll: (event) => state.handleLogsScroll(event),
-            })
-          : nothing}
+      ? renderLogs({
+        loading: state.logsLoading,
+        error: state.logsError,
+        file: state.logsFile,
+        entries: state.logsEntries,
+        filterText: state.logsFilterText,
+        levelFilters: state.logsLevelFilters,
+        autoFollow: state.logsAutoFollow,
+        truncated: state.logsTruncated,
+        onFilterTextChange: (next) => (state.logsFilterText = next),
+        onLevelToggle: (level, enabled) => {
+          state.logsLevelFilters = { ...state.logsLevelFilters, [level]: enabled };
+        },
+        onToggleAutoFollow: (next) => (state.logsAutoFollow = next),
+        onRefresh: () => loadLogs(state, { reset: true }),
+        onExport: (lines, label) => state.exportLogs(lines, label),
+        onScroll: (event) => state.handleLogsScroll(event),
+      })
+      : nothing}
       </main>
       ${renderExecApprovalPrompt(state)}
       ${renderGatewayUrlConfirmation(state)}
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/format.ts b/ui/src/ui/format.ts
index 461195a7a..43701e304 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/format.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/format.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
+import { t } from "./i18n.js";
 import { stripReasoningTagsFromText } from "../../../src/shared/text/reasoning-tags.js";
 
 export function formatMs(ms?: number | null): string {
-  if (!ms && ms !== 0) return "n/a";
+  if (!ms && ms !== 0) return t("format.na");
   return new Date(ms).toLocaleString();
 }
 
 export function formatAgo(ms?: number | null): string {
-  if (!ms && ms !== 0) return "n/a";
+  if (!ms && ms !== 0) return t("format.na");
   const diff = Date.now() - ms;
-  if (diff < 0) return "just now";
+  if (diff < 0) return t("format.justNow");
   const sec = Math.round(diff / 1000);
-  if (sec < 60) return `${sec}s ago`;
+  if (sec < 60) return t("format.agoSec", { count: sec });
   const min = Math.round(sec / 60);
-  if (min < 60) return `${min}m ago`;
+  if (min < 60) return t("format.agoMin", { count: min });
   const hr = Math.round(min / 60);
-  if (hr < 48) return `${hr}h ago`;
+  if (hr < 48) return t("format.agoHr", { count: hr });
   const day = Math.round(hr / 24);
-  return `${day}d ago`;
+  return t("format.agoDay", { count: day });
 }
 
 export function formatDurationMs(ms?: number | null): string {
-  if (!ms && ms !== 0) return "n/a";
+  if (!ms && ms !== 0) return t("format.na");
   if (ms < 1000) return `${ms}ms`;
   const sec = Math.round(ms / 1000);
   if (sec < 60) return `${sec}s`;
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ export function formatDurationMs(ms?: number | null): string {
 }
 
 export function formatList(values?: Array<string | null | undefined>): string {
-  if (!values || values.length === 0) return "none";
+  if (!values || values.length === 0) return t("format.none");
   return values.filter((v): v is string => Boolean(v && v.trim())).join(", ");
 }
 
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/i18n.ts b/ui/src/ui/i18n.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..669b5d391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/src/ui/i18n.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+import { zhCN } from "./locales/zh-CN";
+
+const currentLocale = "zh-CN"; // Default to Chinese
+const locales: Record<string, any> = {
+    "zh-CN": zhCN,
+};
+
+export function t(key: string, params?: Record<string, any>): string {
+    const keys = key.split(".");
+    let value: any = locales[currentLocale];
+
+    for (const k of keys) {
+        if (value && typeof value === 'object' && k in value) {
+            value = value[k];
+        } else {
+            return key; // Return key if not found
+        }
+    }
+
+    let str = typeof value === "string" ? value : key;
+    if (params) {
+        for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(params)) {
+            str = str.replace(`{${k}}`, String(v));
+        }
+    }
+    return str;
+}
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/locales/zh-CN.ts b/ui/src/ui/locales/zh-CN.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57bcac5d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/src/ui/locales/zh-CN.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+
+export const zhCN = {
+    app: {
+        title: "OPENCLAW",
+        subtitle: "网关仪表板",
+        expandSidebar: "展开侧边栏",
+        collapseSidebar: "收起侧边栏",
+        health: "健康状态",
+        healthOk: "正常",
+        healthOffline: "离线",
+        resources: "资源",
+        docs: "文档",
+        openDocs: "文档 (打开新标签页)",
+    },
+    nav: {
+        chat: "聊天",
+        control: "控制",
+        agent: "代理",
+        settings: "设置",
+        resources: "资源",
+    },
+    tabs: {
+        overview: "概览",
+        channels: "渠道",
+        chat: "聊天",
+        sessions: "会话",
+        cron: "定时任务",
+        skills: "技能",
+        nodes: "节点",
+        instances: "实例",
+        config: "配置",
+        debug: "调试",
+        logs: "日志",
+    },
+    sidebarGroups: {
+        chat: "聊天",
+        control: "控制台",
+        agent: "代理",
+        settings: "设置",
+    },
+    overview: {
+        title: "概览",
+        subtitle: "网关状态与摘要",
+        gatewayAccess: "网关访问",
+        gatewayAccessSubtitle: "控制台连接地址及其身份验证方式。",
+        websocketUrl: "WebSocket 地址",
+        gatewayToken: "网关令牌 (Token)",
+        passwordLabel: "密码 (不存储)",
+        sessionKeyLabel: "默认会话密钥",
+        connect: "连接",
+        connectHint: "点击连接以应用连接更改。",
+        snapshotTitle: "快照",
+        snapshotSubtitle: "最新的网关握手信息。",
+        statusOk: "已连接",
+        statusErr: "已断开",
+        uptime: "运行时间",
+        tickInterval: "打点间隔",
+        lastChannelsRefresh: "上次渠道刷新",
+        channelsHint: "使用“渠道”连接 WhatsApp、Telegram、Discord、Signal 或 iMessage。",
+        instances: "实例",
+        instancesHint: "过去 5 分钟内的存在信号 (Presence)。",
+        sessions: "会话",
+        sessionsHint: "网关跟踪的最近会话密钥。",
+        cron: "定时任务 (Cron)",
+        nextWake: "下次唤醒 {run}",
+        notesTitle: "备注",
+        notesSubtitle: "远程控制设置的快速提示。",
+        tailscaleTitle: "Tailscale Serve",
+        tailscaleHint: "推荐使用 Serve 模式通过 Tailscale 身份验证锁定网关。",
+        hygieneTitle: "会话规范",
+        hygieneHint: "使用 /new 或 sessions.patch 重置上下文。",
+        cronRemindersTitle: "定时提醒",
+        cronRemindersHint: "为循环运行使用隔离的会话。",
+        authRequired: "网关需要身份验证。添加令牌或密码，然后点击连接。",
+        authFailed: "身份验证失败。请重新复制包含令牌的 URL 或更新令牌，然后点击连接。",
+        insecureContext: "当前页面为 HTTP，浏览器已禁用设备身份。请使用 HTTPS 或在网关主机上访问 localhost。",
+    },
+    nodes: {
+        approvalsTitle: "节点审批",
+        approvalsSubtitle: "配置对新节点的默认连接策略",
+        nodesTitle: "节点",
+        nodesSubtitle: "管理已连接的计算节点",
+        devicesTitle: "设备",
+        devicesSubtitle: "管理已配对的设备",
+        target: "目标",
+        targetHint: "允许连接的目标节点类型",
+        hostLabel: "主机",
+        gateway: "网关",
+        node: "节点",
+        selectNode: "选择节点...",
+        noApprovalsNodes: "未找到可审批的节点",
+        scope: "范围",
+        defaults: "默认",
+        security: "安全",
+        securityDefaultHint: "默认安全策略",
+        securityAgentHint: "当前设置: {security}",
+        modeLabel: "模式",
+        useDefault: "使用默认值 ({security})",
+        modelLabel: "模型",
+        securityOptions: {
+            deny: "拒绝",
+            allowlist: "白名单",
+            full: "完全访问",
+        },
+        ask: "询问",
+        askDefaultHint: "连接时的询问策略",
+        askOptions: {
+            off: "关闭",
+            onMiss: "仅缺失时",
+            always: "总是",
+        },
+        askFallback: "后备询问",
+        askFallbackHint: "后备询问策略",
+        fallbackLabel: "后备",
+        autoAllowSkills: "自动允许技能",
+        autoAllowSkillsHint: "自动允许已知技能运行",
+        bindingTitle: "绑定",
+        bindingSubtitle: "将代理绑定到特定节点",
+        save: "保存",
+        saving: "保存中...",
+        bindingRawWarn: "高级模式：请小心编辑 JSON",
+        loadConfigToEdit: "加载配置以编辑绑定",
+        loadConfig: "加载配置",
+        loadApprovalsToEdit: "加载审批配置以编辑",
+        loadApprovals: "加载审批配置",
+        defaultBinding: "默认绑定",
+        defaultBindingHint: "未指定绑定的代理将使用此节点",
+        nodeLabel: "节点",
+        anyNode: "任意节点 (自动调度)",
+        noRunNodes: "未发现可作为运行目标的节点",
+        noNodesFound: "未发现已连接的节点",
+        pending: "待批准",
+        paired: "已配对",
+        noPairedDevices: "暂无已配对设备",
+        approve: "批准",
+        reject: "拒绝",
+        tokens: "访问令牌",
+        tokensNone: "无令牌",
+        revoked: "已撤销",
+        active: "活跃",
+        rotate: "轮换",
+        revoke: "撤销",
+    },
+    debug: {
+        snapshotsTitle: "快照",
+        snapshotsSubtitle: "当前系统状态快照",
+        status: "状态",
+        health: "健康状况",
+        lastHeartbeat: "最近心跳",
+        securityAudit: "安全审计: {label}",
+        criticalIssues: "{count} 个严重问题",
+        warningIssues: "{count} 个警告",
+        infoIssues: "{count} 个提示",
+        noCriticalIssues: "无严重问题",
+        refreshing: "刷新中...",
+        manualRpcTitle: "手动 RPC",
+        manualRpcSubtitle: "手动调用远程过程",
+        methodLabel: "方法",
+        paramsLabel: "参数 (JSON)",
+        call: "调用",
+        modelsTitle: "模型",
+        modelsSubtitle: "已加载的模型",
+        eventLogTitle: "事件日志",
+        eventLogSubtitle: "最近的系统事件",
+        noEvents: "暂无事件。",
+    },
+    logs: {
+        logsTitle: "日志",
+        logsSubtitle: "实时系统日志流",
+        export: "导出",
+        exportFiltered: "导出筛选结果",
+        exportVisible: "导出可见日志",
+        noEntries: "暂无日志条目。",
+        filterLabel: "过滤",
+        searchPlaceholder: "搜索日志...",
+        autoFollow: "自动滚动",
+        fileLabel: "日志文件",
+        truncatedWarn: "日志已截断，仅显示最近的部分。",
+        trace: "Trace",
+        debug: "Debug",
+        info: "Info",
+        warn: "Warn",
+        error: "Error",
+        fatal: "Fatal",
+    },
+    config: {
+        subtitle: "全局配置编辑器",
+        searchPlaceholder: "搜索配置项...",
+        allSettings: "所有设置",
+        sections: {
+            env: "环境",
+            update: "更新",
+            agents: "代理",
+            auth: "认证",
+            channels: "渠道",
+            messages: "消息",
+            commands: "命令",
+            hooks: "钩子",
+            skills: "技能",
+            tools: "工具",
+            gateway: "网关",
+            wizard: "向导",
+            meta: "元数据",
+            diagnostics: "诊断",
+            logging: "日志",
+            browser: "浏览器",
+            ui: "界面",
+            models: "模型",
+            nodeHost: "节点主机",
+            bindings: "绑定",
+            broadcast: "广播",
+            audio: "音频",
+            media: "媒体",
+            approvals: "审批",
+            session: "会话",
+            cron: "定时任务",
+            web: "Web 服务",
+            discovery: "发现",
+            canvasHost: "画布主机",
+            talk: "语音",
+            plugins: "插件",
+        },
+        formMode: "表单模式",
+        rawMode: "原始模式",
+        reload: "重新加载",
+        save: "保存",
+        apply: "应用",
+        update: "更新",
+        noChanges: "没有更改",
+        schema: {
+            logging: {
+                label: "日志",
+                description: "日志级别和输出配置",
+                consoleLevel: { label: "控制台级别", description: "控制台日志的输出级别" },
+                consoleStyle: { label: "控制台样式", description: "控制台日志的格式 (plain/json)" },
+                file: { label: "文件日志", description: "日志文件路径" },
+                level: { label: "日志级别", description: "全局日志级别 (trace/debug/info/warn/error)" },
+                redactPatterns: { label: "脱敏模式", description: "用于在日志中隐藏敏感信息的正则表达式" },
+                redactSensitive: { label: "自动脱敏", description: "自动隐藏已知的敏感键值 (如 password, token)" },
+            },
+            diagnostics: {
+                label: "诊断",
+                description: "OpenTelemetry 与调试选项",
+                enabled: { label: "启用诊断", description: "开启系统诊断功能" },
+                flags: { label: "诊断标志", description: "启用特定模块的详细日志 (如 *telegram*)" },
+                cacheTrace: {
+                    label: "缓存跟踪",
+                    description: "配置缓存操作的跟踪详细程度",
+                    enabled: { label: "启用缓存跟踪", description: "记录嵌入式代理运行的缓存跟踪快照" },
+                    filePath: { label: "缓存跟踪文件路径", description: "缓存跟踪日志的 JSONL 输出路径" },
+                    includeMessages: { label: "包含消息", description: "在跟踪输出中包含完整的消息负载" },
+                    includePrompt: { label: "包含提示词", description: "在跟踪中包含提示词文本" },
+                    includeSystem: { label: "包含系统提示", description: "在跟踪中包含系统提示词" },
+                },
+                otel: {
+                    label: "OpenTelemetry",
+                    description: "OTLP 导出配置",
+                    enabled: { label: "启用 OpenTelemetry", description: "发送遥测数据到 OTLP 端点" },
+                    endpoint: { label: "OTLP 端点", description: "OTLP 收集器 URL" },
+                    flushInterval: { label: "刷新间隔 (ms)", description: "数据上报的频率" },
+                    headers: { label: "请求头", description: "附加的 HTTP 请求头" },
+                    logsEnabled: { label: "启用日志", description: "发送日志数据" },
+                    metricsEnabled: { label: "启用指标", description: "发送指标数据" },
+                    tracesEnabled: { label: "启用链路追踪", description: "发送链路追踪数据" },
+                    protocol: { label: "协议", description: "传输协议 (http/grpc)" },
+                },
+            },
+            update: {
+                label: "更新",
+                description: "配置更新行为",
+                channel: { label: "更新渠道", description: "选择更新发布渠道 (main/beta/dev)" },
+            },
+            meta: {
+                label: "元数据",
+                description: "系统运行信息",
+                lastRunAt: { label: "上次运行时间", description: "" },
+                lastRunCommand: { label: "上次运行命令", description: "" },
+                lastRunCommit: { label: "上次运行提交", description: "" },
+                lastRunMode: { label: "上次运行模式", description: "" },
+                lastRunVersion: { label: "上次运行版本", description: "" },
+            },
+            auth: {
+                label: "认证",
+                description: "身份验证设置",
+                allowTailscale: { label: "允许 Tailscale", description: "允许 Tailscale 访问" },
+                mode: { label: "模式", description: "认证模式 (token/password)" },
+                password: { label: "网关密码", description: "Tailscale funnel 需要此密码" },
+                token: { label: "网关令牌", description: "访问网关所需的令牌" },
+                gatewayPassword: { label: "网关密码", description: "Tailscale funnel 需要此密码" },
+                gatewayToken: { label: "网关令牌", description: "访问网关所需的令牌" },
+            },
+            nodeHost: {
+                label: "节点主机",
+                description: "网关与节点通信配置",
+                allowTobacco: { label: "允许烟草内容", description: "是否允许涉及烟草的内容" },
+                password: { label: "网关密码", description: "连接网关所需的密码" },
+                token: { label: "网关令牌", description: "连接网关所需的令牌" },
+                mode: { label: "认证模式", description: "选择 token 或 password 认证" },
+            },
+            env: {
+                label: "环境变量",
+                description: "传递给网关进程的环境变量",
+                allSubsections: { label: "所有变量", description: "所有配置的环境变量列表" },
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    channels: {
+        title: "渠道",
+        subtitle: "管理消息渠道连接",
+        healthTitle: "渠道健康状况",
+        healthSubtitle: "来自网关的渠道状态快照。",
+        noSnapshot: "暂无快照。",
+        genericSubtitle: "渠道状态与配置。",
+        configured: "已配置",
+        running: "运行中",
+        connected: "已连接",
+        lastInbound: "最近上行",
+        yes: "是",
+        no: "否",
+        active: "活跃",
+        lastStart: "最近启动",
+        lastProbe: "最近探测",
+        probe: "探测",
+        probeOk: "探测成功",
+        probeFailed: "探测失败",
+        discord: {
+            subtitle: "机器人状态与频道配置。",
+        },
+        googleChat: {
+            subtitle: "机器人状态与空间配置。",
+            credential: "凭据",
+            audience: "目标受众",
+        },
+        imessage: {
+            subtitle: "iMessage 状态与网关配置。",
+        },
+        nostr: {
+            subtitle: "通过 Nostr 中继 (NIP-04) 进行的去中心化私信。",
+            publicKey: "公钥",
+            profile: "简介",
+            editProfile: "编辑简介",
+            noProfileHint: "尚未设置简介。点击“编辑简介”来添加您的姓名、个人简介和头像。",
+            profileFields: {
+                username: "用户名",
+                usernameHelp: "简短的用户名 (例如 satoshi)",
+                displayName: "显示名称",
+                displayNameHelp: "您的完整显示名称",
+                bio: "个人简介",
+                bioHelp: "简短的个人介绍或描述",
+                avatarUrl: "头像 URL",
+                avatarUrlHelp: "头像图片的 HTTPS URL",
+                bannerUrl: "横幅 URL",
+                bannerUrlHelp: "横幅图片的 HTTPS URL",
+                website: "网站",
+                websiteHelp: "您的个人网站",
+                nip05: "NIP-05 标识符",
+                nip05Help: "可验证的标识符 (例如 you@domain.com)",
+                lud16: "闪电网络地址",
+                lud16Help: "用于打赏的闪电网络地址 (LUD-16)",
+            },
+            form: {
+                title: "编辑简介",
+                account: "账户: {accountId}",
+                saveAndPublish: "保存并发布",
+                saving: "正在保存...",
+                importFromRelays: "从中继导入",
+                importing: "正在导入...",
+                hideAdvanced: "隐藏高级选项",
+                showAdvanced: "显示高级选项",
+                unsavedChanges: "您有未保存的更改",
+                picturePreview: "头像预览",
+                advanced: "高级选项",
+            }
+        },
+        signal: {
+            subtitle: "signal-cli 状态与渠道配置。",
+            baseUrl: "基础 URL",
+        },
+        slack: {
+            subtitle: "Socket 模式状态与渠道配置。",
+        },
+        telegram: {
+            subtitle: "机器人状态与渠道配置。",
+            mode: "模式",
+        },
+        whatsapp: {
+            subtitle: "连接 WhatsApp Web 并监控连接健康状况。",
+            linked: "已链接",
+            lastConnect: "最近连接",
+            lastMessage: "最近消息",
+            authAge: "身份验证时长",
+            working: "正在处理...",
+            showQr: "显示二维码",
+            relink: "重新链接",
+            waitForScan: "等待扫描",
+            logout: "退出登录",
+            qrAlt: "WhatsApp 二维码",
+        },
+        shared: {
+            accounts: "账户 ({count})",
+        },
+        config: {
+            schemaUnavailable: "配置架构预览不可用。请使用原始数据 (Raw)。",
+            channelSchemaUnavailable: "渠道配置架构不可用。",
+            loadingSchema: "正在加载配置架构...",
+            saving: "正在保存...",
+            reload: "重新加载",
+        }
+    },
+    chat: {
+        title: "聊天",
+        subtitle: "与您的 AI 助手互动",
+        compacting: "正在压缩上下文...",
+        compacted: "上下文已压缩",
+        attachmentPreview: "附件预览",
+        removeAttachment: "移除附件",
+        placeholderCompose: "添加消息或粘贴图像...",
+        placeholderHint: "消息 (↩ 发送, Shift+↩ 换行, 可粘贴图像)",
+        placeholderConnect: "连接到网关以开始聊天...",
+        loading: "正在加载聊天...",
+        exitFocus: "退出专注模式",
+        queued: "已进入队列 ({count})",
+        imageAttachment: "图像 ({count})",
+        removeQueued: "移除队列消息",
+        labelMessage: "消息",
+        stop: "停止",
+        newSession: "新会话",
+        queue: "入队",
+        send: "发送",
+        historyNotice: "显示最近 {limit} 条消息 (隐藏了 {hidden} 条)。",
+    },
+    sessions: {
+        title: "会话",
+        subtitle: "活跃会话密钥及按会话进行的行为覆盖。",
+        activeWithin: "活跃于（分钟）",
+        limit: "限制",
+        includeGlobal: "包含全局",
+        includeUnknown: "包含未知",
+        storePath: "存储路径: {path}",
+        table: {
+            key: "密钥",
+            label: "标签",
+            kind: "类型",
+            updated: "更新于",
+            tokens: "令牌 (Tokens)",
+            thinking: "思考",
+            verbose: "详细模式",
+            reasoning: "推理",
+            actions: "操作",
+        },
+        noSessions: "未发现会话。",
+        inherit: "继承",
+        offExplicit: "禁用 (显式)",
+        on: "启用",
+        stream: "流式",
+        delete: "删除",
+        optional: "(可选)",
+        thinkingLevels: {
+            off: "关闭",
+            minimal: "极简",
+            low: "低",
+            medium: "中",
+            high: "高",
+        }
+    },
+    cron: {
+        title: "定时任务",
+        scheduler: "调度器",
+        schedulerSubtitle: "网关原生定时调度器状态。",
+        jobs: "任务数",
+        nextWake: "下次唤醒",
+        newJob: "新建任务",
+        newJobSubtitle: "创建定时唤醒或代理执行任务。",
+        name: "名称",
+        description: "描述",
+        agentId: "代理 ID",
+        enabled: "已启用",
+        schedule: "调度模式",
+        every: "每隔",
+        at: "在",
+        cron: "Cron 表达式",
+        session: "会话",
+        main: "主会话",
+        isolated: "隔离会话",
+        wakeMode: "唤醒模式",
+        nextHeartbeat: "下次心跳",
+        now: "立即",
+        payload: "载荷类型",
+        systemEvent: "系统事件",
+        agentTurn: "代理回合",
+        systemText: "系统文本",
+        agentMessage: "代理消息",
+        deliver: "投递",
+        channel: "渠道",
+        to: "发送至",
+        timeout: "超时 (秒)",
+        postToMainPrefix: "发布到主会话前缀",
+        addJob: "添加任务",
+        saving: "正在保存...",
+        jobsTitle: "任务列表",
+        jobsSubtitle: "网关中存储的所有定时任务。",
+        noJobs: "暂无任务。",
+        runHistory: "运行历史",
+        latestRuns: "最近运行记录: {id}",
+        selectJob: "(请选择一个任务)",
+        selectJobHint: "选择一个任务以查看运行历史。",
+        noRuns: "暂无运行记录。",
+        runAt: "运行时间",
+        unit: "单位",
+        minutes: "分钟",
+        hours: "小时",
+        days: "天",
+        expression: "表达式",
+        timezone: "时区 (可选)",
+        lastChannel: "最近渠道",
+        disable: "禁用",
+        enable: "启用",
+        run: "运行",
+        runs: "历史",
+        remove: "移除",
+    },
+    skills: {
+        title: "技能",
+        subtitle: "内置、托管及工作区技能。",
+        filter: "过滤",
+        searchPlaceholder: "搜索技能",
+        shown: "显示 {count} 个",
+        noSkills: "未发现技能。",
+        installing: "正在安装...",
+        eligible: "符合条件",
+        blocked: "已屏蔽",
+        disabled: "已禁用",
+        missing: "缺失:",
+        reason: "原因:",
+        apiKey: "API 密钥",
+        saveKey: "保存密钥",
+        reasonDisabled: "已禁用",
+        reasonAllowlist: "被白名单拦截",
+        enable: "启用",
+        disable: "禁用",
+        names: {
+            "1password": "1Password CLI",
+            "apple-notes": "备忘录 (Apple Notes)",
+            "apple-reminders": "提醒事项 (Apple Reminders)",
+            "github": "GitHub",
+            "openai-whisper": "OpenAI Whisper",
+        },
+        descriptions: {
+            "1password": "设置并使用 1Password CLI (op)。用于安装 CLI、启用桌面集成、登录账户或通过 op 访问机密。",
+            "apple-notes": "在 macOS 上通过 `memo` CLI 管理 Apple Notes (创建、查看、编辑、删除、搜索、移动和导出笔记)。",
+            "apple-reminders": "在 macOS 上通过 `remindctl` CLI 管理 Apple Reminders (列表、添加、编辑、完成、删除)。",
+        },
+    },
+    instances: {
+        title: "已连接实例",
+        subtitle: "来自网关和客户端的存在感应信号 (Presence)。",
+        noInstances: "暂无实例报告。",
+        unknownHost: "未知主机",
+        lastInput: "最近输入",
+        ago: "{time}前",
+        scopes: "{count} 个作用域",
+        reason: "原因",
+    },
+    gateway: {
+        changeTitle: "更改网关地址",
+        changeSubtitle: "这将连接到一个不同的网关服务器",
+        trustWarning: "仅在您信任此 URL 的情况下确认。恶意 URL 可能会危及您的系统安全。",
+        confirm: "确认",
+        cancel: "取消",
+    },
+    execApproval: {
+        title: "需要执行审批",
+        expiresIn: "{time} 后过期",
+        expired: "已过期",
+        pending: "{count} 个待处理",
+        allowOnce: "允许一次",
+        allowAlways: "总是允许",
+        deny: "拒绝",
+        host: "主机",
+        agent: "代理",
+        session: "会话",
+        cwd: "工作目录",
+        resolved: "解析路径",
+        security: "安全",
+        ask: "请求人",
+    },
+    markdownSidebar: {
+        title: "工具输出",
+        close: "关闭侧边栏",
+        viewRaw: "查看原始文本",
+        noContent: "暂无内容",
+    },
+    configSections: {
+        env: { label: "环境变量", description: "传递给网关进程的环境变量" },
+        update: { label: "更新", description: "自动更新设置和发布渠道" },
+        agents: { label: "代理", description: "代理配置、模型和身份" },
+        auth: { label: "身份验证", description: "API 密钥和身份验证配置文件" },
+        channels: { label: "渠道", description: "消息渠道 (Telegram, Discord, Slack 等)" },
+        messages: { label: "消息", description: "消息处理和路由设置" },
+        commands: { label: "命令", description: "自定义斜杠命令" },
+        hooks: { label: "钩子", description: "Webhook 和事件钩子" },
+        skills: { label: "技能", description: "技能包和能力" },
+        tools: { label: "工具", description: "工具配置 (浏览器、搜索等)" },
+        gateway: { label: "网关", description: "网关服务器设置 (端口、身份验证、绑定)" },
+        wizard: { label: "设置向导", description: "设置向导状态和历史" },
+        meta: { label: "元数据", description: "网关元数据和版本信息" },
+        logging: { label: "日志", description: "日志级别和输出配置" },
+        browser: { label: "浏览器", description: "浏览器自动化设置" },
+        ui: { label: "界面", description: "用户界面偏好设置" },
+        models: { label: "模型", description: "AI 模型配置和提供商" },
+        bindings: { label: "绑定", description: "按键绑定和快捷键" },
+        broadcast: { label: "广播", description: "广播和通知设置" },
+        audio: { label: "音频", description: "音频输入/输出设置" },
+        session: { label: "会话", description: "会话管理和持久化" },
+        cron: { label: "定时任务", description: "计划任务和自动化" },
+        web: { label: "Web", description: "Web 服务器和 API 设置" },
+        discovery: { label: "发现", description: "服务发现和网络" },
+        canvasHost: { label: "画布主机", description: "画布渲染和显示" },
+        talk: { label: "语音", description: "语音和通话设置" },
+        plugins: { label: "插件", description: "插件管理和扩展" },
+    },
+    configErrors: {
+        noMatch: "没有匹配 \"{query}\" 的设置",
+        emptySection: "此章节没有设置",
+        schemaUnavailable: "配置结构不可用。",
+        unsupportedSchema: "不支持的配置结构。请使用原始数据 (Raw)。",
+    },
+    configNodes: {
+        unsupportedNode: "不支持的配置节点。请使用原始数据 (Raw)。",
+        defaultLabel: "默认值: {value}",
+        resetTitle: "重置为默认值",
+        selectPlaceholder: "请选择...",
+        itemsCount: "{count} 个项目",
+        addItem: "添加",
+        removeItem: "移除项目",
+        noItems: "暂无项目。点击“添加”来创建一个。",
+        customEntries: "自定义条目",
+        addEntry: "添加条目",
+        keyPlaceholder: "键",
+        jsonValuePlaceholder: "JSON 值",
+        removeEntry: "移除条目",
+        noCustomEntries: "暂无自定义条目。",
+        unsupportedType: "不支持的类型: {type}。请使用原始数据 (Raw)。",
+    },
+    format: {
+        na: "暂无",
+        justNow: "刚刚",
+        agoSec: "{count} 秒前",
+        agoMin: "{count} 分钟前",
+        agoHr: "{count} 小时前",
+        agoDay: "{count} 天前",
+        none: "无",
+    },
+    common: {
+        loading: "加载中...",
+        refresh: "刷新",
+        delete: "删除",
+        save: "保存",
+        cancel: "取消",
+        na: "无",
+        inherit: "继承",
+        error: "错误",
+        edit: "编辑",
+        disconnected: "与网关断开连接。",
+        valid: "有效",
+        invalid: "无效",
+        unknown: "未知",
+    }
+};
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/navigation.ts b/ui/src/ui/navigation.ts
index 82bef26ea..1adff825b 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/navigation.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/navigation.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import type { IconName } from "./icons.js";
+import { t } from "./i18n.js";
 
 export const TAB_GROUPS = [
-  { label: "Chat", tabs: ["chat"] },
+  { label: t("sidebarGroups.chat"), tabs: ["chat"] },
   {
-    label: "Control",
+    label: t("sidebarGroups.control"),
     tabs: ["overview", "channels", "instances", "sessions", "cron"],
   },
-  { label: "Agent", tabs: ["skills", "nodes"] },
-  { label: "Settings", tabs: ["config", "debug", "logs"] },
+  { label: t("sidebarGroups.agent"), tabs: ["skills", "nodes"] },
+  { label: t("sidebarGroups.settings"), tabs: ["config", "debug", "logs"] },
 ] as const;
 
 export type Tab =
@@ -132,57 +133,58 @@ export function iconForTab(tab: Tab): IconName {
 export function titleForTab(tab: Tab) {
   switch (tab) {
     case "overview":
-      return "Overview";
+      return t("tabs.overview");
     case "channels":
-      return "Channels";
+      return t("tabs.channels");
     case "instances":
-      return "Instances";
+      return t("tabs.instances");
     case "sessions":
-      return "Sessions";
+      return t("tabs.sessions");
     case "cron":
-      return "Cron Jobs";
+      return t("tabs.cron");
     case "skills":
-      return "Skills";
+      return t("tabs.skills");
     case "nodes":
-      return "Nodes";
+      return t("tabs.nodes");
     case "chat":
-      return "Chat";
+      return t("tabs.chat");
     case "config":
-      return "Config";
+      return t("tabs.config");
     case "debug":
-      return "Debug";
+      return t("tabs.debug");
     case "logs":
-      return "Logs";
+      return t("tabs.logs");
     default:
-      return "Control";
+      return t("sidebarGroups.control");
   }
 }
 
 export function subtitleForTab(tab: Tab) {
   switch (tab) {
     case "overview":
-      return "Gateway status, entry points, and a fast health read.";
+      return t("overview.subtitle");
     case "channels":
-      return "Manage channels and settings.";
+      return t("channels.subtitle");
     case "instances":
-      return "Presence beacons from connected clients and nodes.";
+      return t("instances.subtitle");
     case "sessions":
-      return "Inspect active sessions and adjust per-session defaults.";
+      return t("sessions.subtitle");
     case "cron":
-      return "Schedule wakeups and recurring agent runs.";
+      return t("cron.subtitle");
     case "skills":
-      return "Manage skill availability and API key injection.";
+      return t("skills.subtitle");
     case "nodes":
-      return "Paired devices, capabilities, and command exposure.";
+      return t("nodes.subtitle");
     case "chat":
-      return "Direct gateway chat session for quick interventions.";
+      return t("chat.subtitle");
     case "config":
-      return "Edit ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json safely.";
+      return t("config.subtitle");
     case "debug":
-      return "Gateway snapshots, events, and manual RPC calls.";
+      return t("debug.subtitle");
     case "logs":
-      return "Live tail of the gateway file logs.";
+      return t("logs.subtitle");
     default:
       return "";
   }
 }
+
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/types.ts b/ui/src/ui/types.ts
index 1a5ec0731..d3f519316 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/types.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/types.ts
@@ -313,6 +313,8 @@ export type PresenceEntry = {
   lastInputSeconds?: number | null;
   reason?: string | null;
   text?: string | null;
+  roles?: string[] | null;
+  scopes?: string[] | null;
   ts?: number | null;
 };
 
@@ -398,23 +400,23 @@ export type CronWakeMode = "next-heartbeat" | "now";
 export type CronPayload =
   | { kind: "systemEvent"; text: string }
   | {
-      kind: "agentTurn";
-      message: string;
-      thinking?: string;
-      timeoutSeconds?: number;
-      deliver?: boolean;
-      provider?:
-        | "last"
-        | "whatsapp"
-        | "telegram"
-        | "discord"
-        | "slack"
-        | "signal"
-        | "imessage"
-        | "msteams";
-      to?: string;
-      bestEffortDeliver?: boolean;
-    };
+    kind: "agentTurn";
+    message: string;
+    thinking?: string;
+    timeoutSeconds?: number;
+    deliver?: boolean;
+    provider?:
+    | "last"
+    | "whatsapp"
+    | "telegram"
+    | "discord"
+    | "slack"
+    | "signal"
+    | "imessage"
+    | "msteams";
+    to?: string;
+    bestEffortDeliver?: boolean;
+  };
 
 export type CronIsolation = {
   postToMainPrefix?: string;
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.config.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.config.ts
index 3c4d2c7df..3b14fb42f 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.config.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.config.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import type { ConfigUiHints } from "../types";
 import type { ChannelsProps } from "./channels.types";
@@ -71,26 +72,26 @@ export function renderChannelConfigForm(props: ChannelConfigFormProps) {
   const analysis = analyzeConfigSchema(props.schema);
   const normalized = analysis.schema;
   if (!normalized) {
-    return html`<div class="callout danger">Schema unavailable. Use Raw.</div>`;
+    return html`<div class="callout danger">${t("channels.config.schemaUnavailable")}</div>`;
   }
   const node = resolveSchemaNode(normalized, ["channels", props.channelId]);
   if (!node) {
-    return html`<div class="callout danger">Channel config schema unavailable.</div>`;
+    return html`<div class="callout danger">${t("channels.config.channelSchemaUnavailable")}</div>`;
   }
   const configValue = props.configValue ?? {};
   const value = resolveChannelValue(configValue, props.channelId);
   return html`
     <div class="config-form">
       ${renderNode({
-        schema: node,
-        value,
-        path: ["channels", props.channelId],
-        hints: props.uiHints,
-        unsupported: new Set(analysis.unsupportedPaths),
-        disabled: props.disabled,
-        showLabel: false,
-        onPatch: props.onPatch,
-      })}
+    schema: node,
+    value,
+    path: ["channels", props.channelId],
+    hints: props.uiHints,
+    unsupported: new Set(analysis.unsupportedPaths),
+    disabled: props.disabled,
+    showLabel: false,
+    onPatch: props.onPatch,
+  })}
     </div>
   `;
 }
@@ -104,29 +105,29 @@ export function renderChannelConfigSection(params: {
   return html`
     <div style="margin-top: 16px;">
       ${props.configSchemaLoading
-        ? html`<div class="muted">Loading config schema…</div>`
-        : renderChannelConfigForm({
-            channelId,
-            configValue: props.configForm,
-            schema: props.configSchema,
-            uiHints: props.configUiHints,
-            disabled,
-            onPatch: props.onConfigPatch,
-          })}
+      ? html`<div class="muted">${t("channels.config.loadingSchema")}</div>`
+      : renderChannelConfigForm({
+        channelId,
+        configValue: props.configForm,
+        schema: props.configSchema,
+        uiHints: props.configUiHints,
+        disabled,
+        onPatch: props.onConfigPatch,
+      })}
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         <button
           class="btn primary"
           ?disabled=${disabled || !props.configFormDirty}
           @click=${() => props.onConfigSave()}
         >
-          ${props.configSaving ? "Saving…" : "Save"}
+          ${props.configSaving ? t("channels.config.saving") : t("common.save")}
         </button>
         <button
           class="btn"
           ?disabled=${disabled}
           @click=${() => props.onConfigReload()}
         >
-          Reload
+          ${t("channels.config.reload")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.discord.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.discord.ts
index 07890e969..90b27a499 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.discord.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.discord.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type { DiscordStatus } from "../types";
@@ -15,46 +16,46 @@ export function renderDiscordCard(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">Discord</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Bot status and channel configuration.</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.discord.subtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Configured</span>
-          <span>${discord?.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+          <span>${discord?.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Running</span>
-          <span>${discord?.running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+          <span>${discord?.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last start</span>
-          <span>${discord?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(discord.lastStartAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastStart")}</span>
+          <span>${discord?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(discord.lastStartAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last probe</span>
-          <span>${discord?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(discord.lastProbeAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastProbe")}</span>
+          <span>${discord?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(discord.lastProbeAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       ${discord?.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${discord.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${discord?.probe
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-            Probe ${discord.probe.ok ? "ok" : "failed"} ·
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+            ${t("channels.probe")} ${discord.probe.ok ? t("channels.probeOk") : t("channels.probeFailed")} ·
             ${discord.probe.status ?? ""} ${discord.probe.error ?? ""}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderChannelConfigSection({ channelId: "discord", props })}
 
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(true)}>
-          Probe
+          ${t("channels.probe")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.googlechat.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.googlechat.ts
index a014ac89e..85902bb2b 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.googlechat.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.googlechat.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type { GoogleChatStatus } from "../types";
@@ -15,58 +16,58 @@ export function renderGoogleChatCard(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">Google Chat</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Chat API webhook status and channel configuration.</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.googleChat.subtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Configured</span>
-          <span>${googleChat ? (googleChat.configured ? "Yes" : "No") : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+          <span>${googleChat ? (googleChat.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Running</span>
-          <span>${googleChat ? (googleChat.running ? "Yes" : "No") : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+          <span>${googleChat ? (googleChat.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Credential</span>
-          <span>${googleChat?.credentialSource ?? "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.googleChat.credential")}</span>
+          <span>${googleChat?.credentialSource ?? t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Audience</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.googleChat.audience")}</span>
           <span>
             ${googleChat?.audienceType
-              ? `${googleChat.audienceType}${googleChat.audience ? ` · ${googleChat.audience}` : ""}`
-              : "n/a"}
+      ? `${googleChat.audienceType}${googleChat.audience ? ` · ${googleChat.audience}` : ""}`
+      : t("common.na")}
           </span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last start</span>
-          <span>${googleChat?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(googleChat.lastStartAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastStart")}</span>
+          <span>${googleChat?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(googleChat.lastStartAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last probe</span>
-          <span>${googleChat?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(googleChat.lastProbeAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastProbe")}</span>
+          <span>${googleChat?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(googleChat.lastProbeAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       ${googleChat?.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${googleChat.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${googleChat?.probe
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-            Probe ${googleChat.probe.ok ? "ok" : "failed"} ·
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+            ${t("channels.probe")} ${googleChat.probe.ok ? t("channels.probeOk") : t("channels.probeFailed")} ·
             ${googleChat.probe.status ?? ""} ${googleChat.probe.error ?? ""}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderChannelConfigSection({ channelId: "googlechat", props })}
 
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(true)}>
-          Probe
+          ${t("channels.probe")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.imessage.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.imessage.ts
index 85fd90d03..8884e3ff8 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.imessage.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.imessage.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type { IMessageStatus } from "../types";
@@ -15,46 +16,46 @@ export function renderIMessageCard(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">iMessage</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">macOS bridge status and channel configuration.</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.imessage.subtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Configured</span>
-          <span>${imessage?.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+          <span>${imessage?.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Running</span>
-          <span>${imessage?.running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+          <span>${imessage?.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last start</span>
-          <span>${imessage?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(imessage.lastStartAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastStart")}</span>
+          <span>${imessage?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(imessage.lastStartAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last probe</span>
-          <span>${imessage?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(imessage.lastProbeAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastProbe")}</span>
+          <span>${imessage?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(imessage.lastProbeAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       ${imessage?.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${imessage.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${imessage?.probe
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-            Probe ${imessage.probe.ok ? "ok" : "failed"} ·
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+            ${t("channels.probe")} ${imessage.probe.ok ? t("channels.probeOk") : t("channels.probeFailed")} ·
             ${imessage.probe.error ?? ""}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderChannelConfigSection({ channelId: "imessage", props })}
 
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(true)}>
-          Probe
+          ${t("channels.probe")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.nostr-profile-form.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.nostr-profile-form.ts
index 8565d8ef9..267090f4d 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.nostr-profile-form.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.nostr-profile-form.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import { html, nothing, type TemplateResult } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import type { NostrProfile as NostrProfileType } from "../types";
 
@@ -104,9 +105,9 @@ export function renderNostrProfileForm(params: {
             rows="3"
             style="width: 100%; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 4px; resize: vertical; font-family: inherit;"
             @input=${(e: InputEvent) => {
-              const target = e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement;
-              callbacks.onFieldChange(field, target.value);
-            }}
+          const target = e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement;
+          callbacks.onFieldChange(field, target.value);
+        }}
             ?disabled=${state.saving}
           ></textarea>
           ${help ? html`<div style="font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: 2px;">${help}</div>` : nothing}
@@ -128,9 +129,9 @@ export function renderNostrProfileForm(params: {
           maxlength=${maxLength ?? 256}
           style="width: 100%; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 4px;"
           @input=${(e: InputEvent) => {
-            const target = e.target as HTMLInputElement;
-            callbacks.onFieldChange(field, target.value);
-          }}
+        const target = e.target as HTMLInputElement;
+        callbacks.onFieldChange(field, target.value);
+      }}
           ?disabled=${state.saving}
         />
         ${help ? html`<div style="font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-muted); margin-top: 2px;">${help}</div>` : nothing}
@@ -147,16 +148,16 @@ export function renderNostrProfileForm(params: {
       <div style="margin-bottom: 12px;">
         <img
           src=${picture}
-          alt="Profile picture preview"
+          alt=${t("channels.nostr.form.picturePreview")}
           style="max-width: 80px; max-height: 80px; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; border: 2px solid var(--border-color);"
           @error=${(e: Event) => {
-            const img = e.target as HTMLImageElement;
-            img.style.display = "none";
-          }}
+        const img = e.target as HTMLImageElement;
+        img.style.display = "none";
+      }}
           @load=${(e: Event) => {
-            const img = e.target as HTMLImageElement;
-            img.style.display = "block";
-          }}
+        const img = e.target as HTMLImageElement;
+        img.style.display = "block";
+      }}
         />
       </div>
     `;
@@ -165,74 +166,74 @@ export function renderNostrProfileForm(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="nostr-profile-form" style="padding: 16px; background: var(--bg-secondary); border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 12px;">
       <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 16px;">
-        <div style="font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px;">Edit Profile</div>
-        <div style="font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-muted);">Account: ${accountId}</div>
+        <div style="font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px;">${t("channels.nostr.form.title")}</div>
+        <div style="font-size: 12px; color: var(--text-muted);">${t("channels.nostr.form.account", { accountId })}</div>
       </div>
 
       ${state.error
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-bottom: 12px;">${state.error}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-bottom: 12px;">${state.error}</div>`
+      : nothing}
 
       ${state.success
-        ? html`<div class="callout success" style="margin-bottom: 12px;">${state.success}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout success" style="margin-bottom: 12px;">${state.success}</div>`
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderPicturePreview()}
 
-      ${renderField("name", "Username", {
+      ${renderField("name", t("channels.nostr.profileFields.username"), {
         placeholder: "satoshi",
         maxLength: 256,
-        help: "Short username (e.g., satoshi)",
+        help: t("channels.nostr.profileFields.usernameHelp"),
       })}
 
-      ${renderField("displayName", "Display Name", {
+      ${renderField("displayName", t("channels.nostr.profileFields.displayName"), {
         placeholder: "Satoshi Nakamoto",
         maxLength: 256,
-        help: "Your full display name",
+        help: t("channels.nostr.profileFields.displayNameHelp"),
       })}
 
-      ${renderField("about", "Bio", {
+      ${renderField("about", t("channels.nostr.profileFields.bio"), {
         type: "textarea",
         placeholder: "Tell people about yourself...",
         maxLength: 2000,
-        help: "A brief bio or description",
+        help: t("channels.nostr.profileFields.bioHelp"),
       })}
 
-      ${renderField("picture", "Avatar URL", {
+      ${renderField("picture", t("channels.nostr.profileFields.avatarUrl"), {
         type: "url",
         placeholder: "https://example.com/avatar.jpg",
-        help: "HTTPS URL to your profile picture",
+        help: t("channels.nostr.profileFields.avatarUrlHelp"),
       })}
 
       ${state.showAdvanced
-        ? html`
+      ? html`
             <div style="border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color); padding-top: 12px; margin-top: 12px;">
-              <div style="font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 12px; color: var(--text-muted);">Advanced</div>
+              <div style="font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 12px; color: var(--text-muted);">${t("channels.nostr.form.advanced")}</div>
 
-              ${renderField("banner", "Banner URL", {
-                type: "url",
-                placeholder: "https://example.com/banner.jpg",
-                help: "HTTPS URL to a banner image",
-              })}
+              ${renderField("banner", t("channels.nostr.profileFields.bannerUrl"), {
+        type: "url",
+        placeholder: "https://example.com/banner.jpg",
+        help: t("channels.nostr.profileFields.bannerUrlHelp"),
+      })}
 
-              ${renderField("website", "Website", {
-                type: "url",
-                placeholder: "https://example.com",
-                help: "Your personal website",
-              })}
+              ${renderField("website", t("channels.nostr.profileFields.website"), {
+        type: "url",
+        placeholder: "https://example.com",
+        help: t("channels.nostr.profileFields.websiteHelp"),
+      })}
 
-              ${renderField("nip05", "NIP-05 Identifier", {
-                placeholder: "you@example.com",
-                help: "Verifiable identifier (e.g., you@domain.com)",
-              })}
+              ${renderField("nip05", t("channels.nostr.profileFields.nip05"), {
+        placeholder: "you@example.com",
+        help: t("channels.nostr.profileFields.nip05Help"),
+      })}
 
-              ${renderField("lud16", "Lightning Address", {
-                placeholder: "you@getalby.com",
-                help: "Lightning address for tips (LUD-16)",
-              })}
+              ${renderField("lud16", t("channels.nostr.profileFields.lud16"), {
+        placeholder: "you@getalby.com",
+        help: t("channels.nostr.profileFields.lud16Help"),
+      })}
             </div>
           `
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       <div style="display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
         <button
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ export function renderNostrProfileForm(params: {
           @click=${callbacks.onSave}
           ?disabled=${state.saving || !isDirty}
         >
-          ${state.saving ? "Saving..." : "Save & Publish"}
+          ${state.saving ? t("channels.nostr.form.saving") : t("channels.nostr.form.saveAndPublish")}
         </button>
 
         <button
@@ -248,14 +249,14 @@ export function renderNostrProfileForm(params: {
           @click=${callbacks.onImport}
           ?disabled=${state.importing || state.saving}
         >
-          ${state.importing ? "Importing..." : "Import from Relays"}
+          ${state.importing ? t("channels.nostr.form.importing") : t("channels.nostr.form.importFromRelays")}
         </button>
 
         <button
           class="btn"
           @click=${callbacks.onToggleAdvanced}
         >
-          ${state.showAdvanced ? "Hide Advanced" : "Show Advanced"}
+          ${state.showAdvanced ? t("channels.nostr.form.hideAdvanced") : t("channels.nostr.form.showAdvanced")}
         </button>
 
         <button
@@ -263,15 +264,15 @@ export function renderNostrProfileForm(params: {
           @click=${callbacks.onCancel}
           ?disabled=${state.saving}
         >
-          Cancel
+          ${t("common.cancel")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       ${isDirty
-        ? html`<div style="font-size: 12px; color: var(--warning-color); margin-top: 8px;">
-            You have unsaved changes
+      ? html`<div style="font-size: 12px; color: var(--warning-color); margin-top: 8px;">
+            ${t("channels.nostr.form.unsavedChanges")}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
     </div>
   `;
 }
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.nostr.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.nostr.ts
index 05152d80b..7fa9e4ecf 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.nostr.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.nostr.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type { ChannelAccountSnapshot, NostrStatus } from "../types";
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import {
  * Truncate a pubkey for display (shows first and last 8 chars)
  */
 function truncatePubkey(pubkey: string | null | undefined): string {
-  if (!pubkey) return "n/a";
+  if (!pubkey) return t("common.na");
   if (pubkey.length <= 20) return pubkey;
   return `${pubkey.slice(0, 8)}...${pubkey.slice(-8)}`;
 }
@@ -64,26 +65,26 @@ export function renderNostrCard(params: {
         </div>
         <div class="status-list account-card-status">
           <div>
-            <span class="label">Running</span>
-            <span>${account.running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+            <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+            <span>${account.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
           </div>
           <div>
-            <span class="label">Configured</span>
-            <span>${account.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+            <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+            <span>${account.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
           </div>
           <div>
-            <span class="label">Public Key</span>
+            <span class="label">${t("channels.nostr.publicKey")}</span>
             <span class="monospace" title="${publicKey ?? ""}">${truncatePubkey(publicKey)}</span>
           </div>
           <div>
-            <span class="label">Last inbound</span>
-            <span>${account.lastInboundAt ? formatAgo(account.lastInboundAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+            <span class="label">${t("channels.lastInbound")}</span>
+            <span>${account.lastInboundAt ? formatAgo(account.lastInboundAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
           </div>
           ${account.lastError
-            ? html`
+        ? html`
                 <div class="account-card-error">${account.lastError}</div>
               `
-            : nothing}
+        : nothing}
         </div>
       </div>
     `;
@@ -102,14 +103,14 @@ export function renderNostrCard(params: {
     const profile =
       (primaryAccount as
         | {
-            profile?: {
-              name?: string;
-              displayName?: string;
-              about?: string;
-              picture?: string;
-              nip05?: string;
-            };
-          }
+          profile?: {
+            name?: string;
+            displayName?: string;
+            about?: string;
+            picture?: string;
+            nip05?: string;
+          };
+        }
         | undefined)?.profile ?? nostr?.profile;
     const { name, displayName, about, picture, nip05 } = profile ?? {};
     const hasAnyProfileData = name || displayName || about || picture || nip05;
@@ -117,49 +118,49 @@ export function renderNostrCard(params: {
     return html`
       <div style="margin-top: 16px; padding: 12px; background: var(--bg-secondary); border-radius: 8px;">
         <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 8px;">
-          <div style="font-weight: 500;">Profile</div>
+          <div style="font-weight: 500;">${t("channels.nostr.profile")}</div>
           ${summaryConfigured
-            ? html`
+        ? html`
                 <button
                   class="btn btn-sm"
                   @click=${onEditProfile}
                   style="font-size: 12px; padding: 4px 8px;"
                 >
-                  Edit Profile
+                  ${t("channels.nostr.editProfile")}
                 </button>
               `
-            : nothing}
+        : nothing}
         </div>
         ${hasAnyProfileData
-          ? html`
+        ? html`
               <div class="status-list">
                 ${picture
-                  ? html`
+            ? html`
                       <div style="margin-bottom: 8px;">
                         <img
                           src=${picture}
-                          alt="Profile picture"
+                          alt=${t("channels.nostr.form.picturePreview")}
                           style="width: 48px; height: 48px; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; border: 2px solid var(--border-color);"
                           @error=${(e: Event) => {
-                            (e.target as HTMLImageElement).style.display = "none";
-                          }}
+                (e.target as HTMLImageElement).style.display = "none";
+              }}
                         />
                       </div>
                     `
-                  : nothing}
-                ${name ? html`<div><span class="label">Name</span><span>${name}</span></div>` : nothing}
+            : nothing}
+                ${name ? html`<div><span class="label">${t("channels.nostr.profileFields.username")}</span><span>${name}</span></div>` : nothing}
                 ${displayName
-                  ? html`<div><span class="label">Display Name</span><span>${displayName}</span></div>`
-                  : nothing}
+            ? html`<div><span class="label">${t("channels.nostr.profileFields.displayName")}</span><span>${displayName}</span></div>`
+            : nothing}
                 ${about
-                  ? html`<div><span class="label">About</span><span style="max-width: 300px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">${about}</span></div>`
-                  : nothing}
-                ${nip05 ? html`<div><span class="label">NIP-05</span><span>${nip05}</span></div>` : nothing}
+            ? html`<div><span class="label">${t("channels.nostr.profileFields.bio")}</span><span style="max-width: 300px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;">${about}</span></div>`
+            : nothing}
+                ${nip05 ? html`<div><span class="label">${t("channels.nostr.profileFields.nip05")}</span><span>${nip05}</span></div>` : nothing}
               </div>
             `
-          : html`
+        : html`
               <div style="color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 13px;">
-                No profile set. Click "Edit Profile" to add your name, bio, and avatar.
+                ${t("channels.nostr.noProfileHint")}
               </div>
             `}
       </div>
@@ -169,48 +170,48 @@ export function renderNostrCard(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">Nostr</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Decentralized DMs via Nostr relays (NIP-04).</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.nostr.subtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       ${hasMultipleAccounts
-        ? html`
+      ? html`
             <div class="account-card-list">
               ${nostrAccounts.map((account) => renderAccountCard(account))}
             </div>
           `
-        : html`
+      : html`
             <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Configured</span>
-                <span>${summaryConfigured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+                <span>${summaryConfigured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Running</span>
-                <span>${summaryRunning ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+                <span>${summaryRunning ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Public Key</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.nostr.publicKey")}</span>
                 <span class="monospace" title="${summaryPublicKey ?? ""}"
                   >${truncatePubkey(summaryPublicKey)}</span
                 >
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Last start</span>
-                <span>${summaryLastStartAt ? formatAgo(summaryLastStartAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.lastStart")}</span>
+                <span>${summaryLastStartAt ? formatAgo(summaryLastStartAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
               </div>
             </div>
           `}
 
       ${summaryLastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">${summaryLastError}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">${summaryLastError}</div>`
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderProfileSection()}
 
       ${renderChannelConfigSection({ channelId: "nostr", props })}
 
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-        <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(false)}>Refresh</button>
+        <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(false)}>${t("common.refresh")}</button>
       </div>
     </div>
   `;
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.shared.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.shared.ts
index 9af0c2ea1..8208df180 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.shared.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.shared.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import type { ChannelAccountSnapshot } from "../types";
 import type { ChannelKey, ChannelsProps } from "./channels.types";
 
 export function formatDuration(ms?: number | null) {
-  if (!ms && ms !== 0) return "n/a";
+  if (!ms && ms !== 0) return t("common.na");
   const sec = Math.round(ms / 1000);
   if (sec < 60) return `${sec}s`;
   const min = Math.round(sec / 60);
@@ -41,5 +42,5 @@ export function renderChannelAccountCount(
 ) {
   const count = getChannelAccountCount(key, channelAccounts);
   if (count < 2) return nothing;
-  return html`<div class="account-count">Accounts (${count})</div>`;
+  return html`<div class="account-count">${t("channels.shared.accounts", { count })}</div>`;
 }
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.signal.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.signal.ts
index 9d4f6c147..9fb5b5f73 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.signal.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.signal.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type { SignalStatus } from "../types";
@@ -15,50 +16,50 @@ export function renderSignalCard(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">Signal</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">signal-cli status and channel configuration.</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.signal.subtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Configured</span>
-          <span>${signal?.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+          <span>${signal?.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Running</span>
-          <span>${signal?.running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+          <span>${signal?.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Base URL</span>
-          <span>${signal?.baseUrl ?? "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.signal.baseUrl")}</span>
+          <span>${signal?.baseUrl ?? t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last start</span>
-          <span>${signal?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(signal.lastStartAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastStart")}</span>
+          <span>${signal?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(signal.lastStartAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last probe</span>
-          <span>${signal?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(signal.lastProbeAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastProbe")}</span>
+          <span>${signal?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(signal.lastProbeAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       ${signal?.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${signal.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${signal?.probe
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-            Probe ${signal.probe.ok ? "ok" : "failed"} ·
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+            ${t("channels.probe")} ${signal.probe.ok ? t("channels.probeOk") : t("channels.probeFailed")} ·
             ${signal.probe.status ?? ""} ${signal.probe.error ?? ""}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderChannelConfigSection({ channelId: "signal", props })}
 
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(true)}>
-          Probe
+          ${t("channels.probe")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.slack.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.slack.ts
index eb93ac4c3..8f39d8c92 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.slack.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.slack.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type { SlackStatus } from "../types";
@@ -15,46 +16,46 @@ export function renderSlackCard(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">Slack</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Socket mode status and channel configuration.</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.slack.subtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Configured</span>
-          <span>${slack?.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+          <span>${slack?.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Running</span>
-          <span>${slack?.running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+          <span>${slack?.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last start</span>
-          <span>${slack?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(slack.lastStartAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastStart")}</span>
+          <span>${slack?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(slack.lastStartAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last probe</span>
-          <span>${slack?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(slack.lastProbeAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastProbe")}</span>
+          <span>${slack?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(slack.lastProbeAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       ${slack?.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${slack.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${slack?.probe
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-            Probe ${slack.probe.ok ? "ok" : "failed"} ·
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+            ${t("channels.probe")} ${slack.probe.ok ? t("channels.probeOk") : t("channels.probeFailed")} ·
             ${slack.probe.status ?? ""} ${slack.probe.error ?? ""}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderChannelConfigSection({ channelId: "slack", props })}
 
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(true)}>
-          Probe
+          ${t("channels.probe")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.telegram.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.telegram.ts
index 498d98f87..baf66677b 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.telegram.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.telegram.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type { ChannelAccountSnapshot, TelegramStatus } from "../types";
@@ -28,24 +29,24 @@ export function renderTelegramCard(params: {
         </div>
         <div class="status-list account-card-status">
           <div>
-            <span class="label">Running</span>
-            <span>${account.running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+            <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+            <span>${account.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
           </div>
           <div>
-            <span class="label">Configured</span>
-            <span>${account.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+            <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+            <span>${account.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
           </div>
           <div>
-            <span class="label">Last inbound</span>
-            <span>${account.lastInboundAt ? formatAgo(account.lastInboundAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+            <span class="label">${t("channels.lastInbound")}</span>
+            <span>${account.lastInboundAt ? formatAgo(account.lastInboundAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
           </div>
           ${account.lastError
-            ? html`
+        ? html`
                 <div class="account-card-error">
                   ${account.lastError}
                 </div>
               `
-            : nothing}
+        : nothing}
         </div>
       </div>
     `;
@@ -54,58 +55,58 @@ export function renderTelegramCard(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">Telegram</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Bot status and channel configuration.</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.telegram.subtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       ${hasMultipleAccounts
-        ? html`
+      ? html`
             <div class="account-card-list">
               ${telegramAccounts.map((account) => renderAccountCard(account))}
             </div>
           `
-        : html`
+      : html`
             <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Configured</span>
-                <span>${telegram?.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+                <span>${telegram?.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Running</span>
-                <span>${telegram?.running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+                <span>${telegram?.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Mode</span>
-                <span>${telegram?.mode ?? "n/a"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.telegram.mode")}</span>
+                <span>${telegram?.mode ?? t("common.na")}</span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Last start</span>
-                <span>${telegram?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(telegram.lastStartAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.lastStart")}</span>
+                <span>${telegram?.lastStartAt ? formatAgo(telegram.lastStartAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Last probe</span>
-                <span>${telegram?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(telegram.lastProbeAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.lastProbe")}</span>
+                <span>${telegram?.lastProbeAt ? formatAgo(telegram.lastProbeAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
               </div>
             </div>
           `}
 
       ${telegram?.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${telegram.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${telegram?.probe
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-            Probe ${telegram.probe.ok ? "ok" : "failed"} ·
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+            ${t("channels.probe")} ${telegram.probe.ok ? t("channels.probeOk") : t("channels.probeFailed")} ·
             ${telegram.probe.status ?? ""} ${telegram.probe.error ?? ""}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderChannelConfigSection({ channelId: "telegram", props })}
 
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(true)}>
-          Probe
+          ${t("channels.probe")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.ts
index a0fce8f40..6f1abaaa4 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type {
@@ -60,35 +61,35 @@ export function renderChannels(props: ChannelsProps) {
   return html`
     <section class="grid grid-cols-2">
       ${orderedChannels.map((channel) =>
-        renderChannel(channel.key, props, {
-          whatsapp,
-          telegram,
-          discord,
-          googlechat,
-          slack,
-          signal,
-          imessage,
-          nostr,
-          channelAccounts: props.snapshot?.channelAccounts ?? null,
-        }),
-      )}
+    renderChannel(channel.key, props, {
+      whatsapp,
+      telegram,
+      discord,
+      googlechat,
+      slack,
+      signal,
+      imessage,
+      nostr,
+      channelAccounts: props.snapshot?.channelAccounts ?? null,
+    }),
+  )}
     </section>
 
     <section class="card" style="margin-top: 18px;">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Channel health</div>
-          <div class="card-sub">Channel status snapshots from the gateway.</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("channels.healthTitle")}</div>
+          <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.healthSubtitle")}</div>
         </div>
-        <div class="muted">${props.lastSuccessAt ? formatAgo(props.lastSuccessAt) : "n/a"}</div>
+        <div class="muted">${props.lastSuccessAt ? formatAgo(props.lastSuccessAt) : t("common.na")}</div>
       </div>
       ${props.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${props.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       <pre class="code-block" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-${props.snapshot ? JSON.stringify(props.snapshot, null, 2) : "No snapshot yet."}
+${props.snapshot ? JSON.stringify(props.snapshot, null, 2) : t("channels.noSnapshot")}
       </pre>
     </section>
   `;
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ function renderChannel(
     case "googlechat":
       return renderGoogleChatCard({
         props,
-        googlechat: data.googlechat,
+        googleChat: data.googlechat,
         accountCountLabel,
       });
     case "slack":
@@ -176,12 +177,12 @@ function renderChannel(
         props.nostrProfileAccountId === accountId ? props.nostrProfileFormState : null;
       const profileFormCallbacks = showForm
         ? {
-            onFieldChange: props.onNostrProfileFieldChange,
-            onSave: props.onNostrProfileSave,
-            onImport: props.onNostrProfileImport,
-            onCancel: props.onNostrProfileCancel,
-            onToggleAdvanced: props.onNostrProfileToggleAdvanced,
-          }
+          onFieldChange: props.onNostrProfileFieldChange,
+          onSave: props.onNostrProfileSave,
+          onImport: props.onNostrProfileImport,
+          onCancel: props.onNostrProfileCancel,
+          onToggleAdvanced: props.onNostrProfileToggleAdvanced,
+        }
         : null;
       return renderNostrCard({
         props,
@@ -215,37 +216,37 @@ function renderGenericChannelCard(
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">${label}</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Channel status and configuration.</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.genericSubtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       ${accounts.length > 0
-        ? html`
+      ? html`
             <div class="account-card-list">
               ${accounts.map((account) => renderGenericAccount(account))}
             </div>
           `
-        : html`
+      : html`
             <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Configured</span>
-                <span>${configured == null ? "n/a" : configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+                <span>${configured == null ? t("common.na") : configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Running</span>
-                <span>${running == null ? "n/a" : running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+                <span>${running == null ? t("common.na") : running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                <span class="label">Connected</span>
-                <span>${connected == null ? "n/a" : connected ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+                <span class="label">${t("channels.connected")}</span>
+                <span>${connected == null ? t("common.na") : connected ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
               </div>
             </div>
           `}
 
       ${lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderChannelConfigSection({ channelId: key, props })}
     </div>
@@ -274,19 +275,19 @@ function hasRecentActivity(account: ChannelAccountSnapshot): boolean {
   return Date.now() - account.lastInboundAt < RECENT_ACTIVITY_THRESHOLD_MS;
 }
 
-function deriveRunningStatus(account: ChannelAccountSnapshot): "Yes" | "No" | "Active" {
-  if (account.running) return "Yes";
+function deriveRunningStatus(account: ChannelAccountSnapshot): string {
+  if (account.running) return t("channels.yes");
   // If we have recent inbound activity, the channel is effectively running
-  if (hasRecentActivity(account)) return "Active";
-  return "No";
+  if (hasRecentActivity(account)) return t("channels.active");
+  return t("channels.no");
 }
 
-function deriveConnectedStatus(account: ChannelAccountSnapshot): "Yes" | "No" | "Active" | "n/a" {
-  if (account.connected === true) return "Yes";
-  if (account.connected === false) return "No";
+function deriveConnectedStatus(account: ChannelAccountSnapshot): string {
+  if (account.connected === true) return t("channels.yes");
+  if (account.connected === false) return t("channels.no");
   // If connected is null/undefined but we have recent activity, show as active
-  if (hasRecentActivity(account)) return "Active";
-  return "n/a";
+  if (hasRecentActivity(account)) return t("channels.active");
+  return t("common.na");
 }
 
 function renderGenericAccount(account: ChannelAccountSnapshot) {
@@ -301,28 +302,28 @@ function renderGenericAccount(account: ChannelAccountSnapshot) {
       </div>
       <div class="status-list account-card-status">
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Running</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
           <span>${runningStatus}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Configured</span>
-          <span>${account.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+          <span>${account.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Connected</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.connected")}</span>
           <span>${connectedStatus}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last inbound</span>
-          <span>${account.lastInboundAt ? formatAgo(account.lastInboundAt) : "n/a"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.lastInbound")}</span>
+          <span>${account.lastInboundAt ? formatAgo(account.lastInboundAt) : t("common.na")}</span>
         </div>
         ${account.lastError
-          ? html`
+      ? html`
               <div class="account-card-error">
                 ${account.lastError}
               </div>
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       </div>
     </div>
   `;
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.whatsapp.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.whatsapp.ts
index eae3be695..fd8cf9623 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/channels.whatsapp.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/channels.whatsapp.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import type { WhatsAppStatus } from "../types";
@@ -16,67 +17,67 @@ export function renderWhatsAppCard(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="card">
       <div class="card-title">WhatsApp</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Link WhatsApp Web and monitor connection health.</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("channels.whatsapp.subtitle")}</div>
       ${accountCountLabel}
 
       <div class="status-list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Configured</span>
-          <span>${whatsapp?.configured ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.configured")}</span>
+          <span>${whatsapp?.configured ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Linked</span>
-          <span>${whatsapp?.linked ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.whatsapp.linked")}</span>
+          <span>${whatsapp?.linked ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Running</span>
-          <span>${whatsapp?.running ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.running")}</span>
+          <span>${whatsapp?.running ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Connected</span>
-          <span>${whatsapp?.connected ? "Yes" : "No"}</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.connected")}</span>
+          <span>${whatsapp?.connected ? t("channels.yes") : t("channels.no")}</span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last connect</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.whatsapp.lastConnect")}</span>
           <span>
             ${whatsapp?.lastConnectedAt
-              ? formatAgo(whatsapp.lastConnectedAt)
-              : "n/a"}
+      ? formatAgo(whatsapp.lastConnectedAt)
+      : t("common.na")}
           </span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Last message</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.whatsapp.lastMessage")}</span>
           <span>
-            ${whatsapp?.lastMessageAt ? formatAgo(whatsapp.lastMessageAt) : "n/a"}
+            ${whatsapp?.lastMessageAt ? formatAgo(whatsapp.lastMessageAt) : t("common.na")}
           </span>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <span class="label">Auth age</span>
+          <span class="label">${t("channels.whatsapp.authAge")}</span>
           <span>
             ${whatsapp?.authAgeMs != null
-              ? formatDuration(whatsapp.authAgeMs)
-              : "n/a"}
+      ? formatDuration(whatsapp.authAgeMs)
+      : t("common.na")}
           </span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       ${whatsapp?.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${whatsapp.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${props.whatsappMessage
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${props.whatsappMessage}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${props.whatsappQrDataUrl
-        ? html`<div class="qr-wrap">
-            <img src=${props.whatsappQrDataUrl} alt="WhatsApp QR" />
+      ? html`<div class="qr-wrap">
+            <img src=${props.whatsappQrDataUrl} alt=${t("channels.whatsapp.qrAlt")} />
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       <div class="row" style="margin-top: 14px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
         <button
@@ -84,31 +85,31 @@ export function renderWhatsAppCard(params: {
           ?disabled=${props.whatsappBusy}
           @click=${() => props.onWhatsAppStart(false)}
         >
-          ${props.whatsappBusy ? "Working…" : "Show QR"}
+          ${props.whatsappBusy ? t("channels.whatsapp.working") : t("channels.whatsapp.showQr")}
         </button>
         <button
           class="btn"
           ?disabled=${props.whatsappBusy}
           @click=${() => props.onWhatsAppStart(true)}
         >
-          Relink
+          ${t("channels.whatsapp.relink")}
         </button>
         <button
           class="btn"
           ?disabled=${props.whatsappBusy}
           @click=${() => props.onWhatsAppWait()}
         >
-          Wait for scan
+          ${t("channels.whatsapp.waitForScan")}
         </button>
         <button
           class="btn danger"
           ?disabled=${props.whatsappBusy}
           @click=${() => props.onWhatsAppLogout()}
         >
-          Logout
+          ${t("channels.whatsapp.logout")}
         </button>
         <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh(true)}>
-          Refresh
+          ${t("common.refresh")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/chat.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/chat.ts
index f5fb6e80b..55fc45836 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/chat.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/chat.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
 } from "../chat/grouped-render";
 import { renderMarkdownSidebar } from "./markdown-sidebar";
 import "../components/resizable-divider";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 export type CompactionIndicatorStatus = {
   active: boolean;
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ function renderCompactionIndicator(status: CompactionIndicatorStatus | null | un
   if (status.active) {
     return html`
       <div class="callout info compaction-indicator compaction-indicator--active">
-        ${icons.loader} Compacting context...
+        ${icons.loader} ${t("chat.compacting")}
       </div>
     `;
   }
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ function renderCompactionIndicator(status: CompactionIndicatorStatus | null | un
     if (elapsed < COMPACTION_TOAST_DURATION_MS) {
       return html`
         <div class="callout success compaction-indicator compaction-indicator--complete">
-          ${icons.check} Context compacted
+          ${icons.check} ${t("chat.compacted")}
         </div>
       `;
     }
@@ -153,29 +154,29 @@ function renderAttachmentPreview(props: ChatProps) {
   return html`
     <div class="chat-attachments">
       ${attachments.map(
-        (att) => html`
+    (att) => html`
           <div class="chat-attachment">
             <img
               src=${att.dataUrl}
-              alt="Attachment preview"
+              alt=${t("chat.attachmentPreview")}
               class="chat-attachment__img"
             />
             <button
               class="chat-attachment__remove"
               type="button"
-              aria-label="Remove attachment"
+              aria-label=${t("chat.removeAttachment")}
               @click=${() => {
-                const next = (props.attachments ?? []).filter(
-                  (a) => a.id !== att.id,
-                );
-                props.onAttachmentsChange?.(next);
-              }}
+        const next = (props.attachments ?? []).filter(
+          (a) => a.id !== att.id,
+        );
+        props.onAttachmentsChange?.(next);
+      }}
             >
               ${icons.x}
             </button>
           </div>
         `,
-      )}
+  )}
     </div>
   `;
 }
@@ -197,9 +198,9 @@ export function renderChat(props: ChatProps) {
   const hasAttachments = (props.attachments?.length ?? 0) > 0;
   const composePlaceholder = props.connected
     ? hasAttachments
-      ? "Add a message or paste more images..."
-      : "Message (↩ to send, Shift+↩ for line breaks, paste images)"
-    : "Connect to the gateway to start chatting…";
+      ? t("chat.placeholderCompose")
+      : t("chat.placeholderHint")
+    : t("chat.placeholderConnect");
 
   const splitRatio = props.splitRatio ?? 0.6;
   const sidebarOpen = Boolean(props.sidebarOpen && props.onCloseSidebar);
@@ -210,60 +211,60 @@ export function renderChat(props: ChatProps) {
       aria-live="polite"
       @scroll=${props.onChatScroll}
     >
-      ${props.loading ? html`<div class="muted">Loading chat…</div>` : nothing}
+      ${props.loading ? html`<div class="muted">${t("chat.loading")}</div>` : nothing}
       ${repeat(buildChatItems(props), (item) => item.key, (item) => {
-        if (item.kind === "reading-indicator") {
-          return renderReadingIndicatorGroup(assistantIdentity);
-        }
+    if (item.kind === "reading-indicator") {
+      return renderReadingIndicatorGroup(assistantIdentity);
+    }
 
-        if (item.kind === "stream") {
-          return renderStreamingGroup(
-            item.text,
-            item.startedAt,
-            props.onOpenSidebar,
-            assistantIdentity,
-          );
-        }
+    if (item.kind === "stream") {
+      return renderStreamingGroup(
+        item.text,
+        item.startedAt,
+        props.onOpenSidebar,
+        assistantIdentity,
+      );
+    }
 
-        if (item.kind === "group") {
-          return renderMessageGroup(item, {
-            onOpenSidebar: props.onOpenSidebar,
-            showReasoning,
-            assistantName: props.assistantName,
-            assistantAvatar: assistantIdentity.avatar,
-          });
-        }
+    if (item.kind === "group") {
+      return renderMessageGroup(item, {
+        onOpenSidebar: props.onOpenSidebar,
+        showReasoning,
+        assistantName: props.assistantName,
+        assistantAvatar: assistantIdentity.avatar,
+      });
+    }
 
-        return nothing;
-      })}
+    return nothing;
+  })}
     </div>
   `;
 
   return html`
     <section class="card chat">
       ${props.disabledReason
-        ? html`<div class="callout">${props.disabledReason}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout">${props.disabledReason}</div>`
+      : nothing}
 
       ${props.error
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger">${props.error}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger">${props.error}</div>`
+      : nothing}
 
       ${renderCompactionIndicator(props.compactionStatus)}
 
       ${props.focusMode
-        ? html`
+      ? html`
             <button
               class="chat-focus-exit"
               type="button"
               @click=${props.onToggleFocusMode}
-              aria-label="Exit focus mode"
-              title="Exit focus mode"
+              aria-label=${t("chat.exitFocus")}
+              title=${t("chat.exitFocus")}
             >
               ${icons.x}
             </button>
           `
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       <div
         class="chat-split-container ${sidebarOpen ? "chat-split-container--open" : ""}"
@@ -276,79 +277,79 @@ export function renderChat(props: ChatProps) {
         </div>
 
         ${sidebarOpen
-          ? html`
+      ? html`
               <resizable-divider
                 .splitRatio=${splitRatio}
                 @resize=${(e: CustomEvent) =>
-                  props.onSplitRatioChange?.(e.detail.splitRatio)}
+          props.onSplitRatioChange?.(e.detail.splitRatio)}
               ></resizable-divider>
               <div class="chat-sidebar">
                 ${renderMarkdownSidebar({
-                  content: props.sidebarContent ?? null,
-                  error: props.sidebarError ?? null,
-                  onClose: props.onCloseSidebar!,
-                  onViewRawText: () => {
-                    if (!props.sidebarContent || !props.onOpenSidebar) return;
-                    props.onOpenSidebar(`\`\`\`\n${props.sidebarContent}\n\`\`\``);
-                  },
-                })}
+            content: props.sidebarContent ?? null,
+            error: props.sidebarError ?? null,
+            onClose: props.onCloseSidebar!,
+            onViewRawText: () => {
+              if (!props.sidebarContent || !props.onOpenSidebar) return;
+              props.onOpenSidebar(`\`\`\`\n${props.sidebarContent}\n\`\`\``);
+            },
+          })}
               </div>
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       </div>
 
       ${props.queue.length
-        ? html`
+      ? html`
             <div class="chat-queue" role="status" aria-live="polite">
-              <div class="chat-queue__title">Queued (${props.queue.length})</div>
+              <div class="chat-queue__title">${t("chat.queued", { count: props.queue.length })}</div>
               <div class="chat-queue__list">
                 ${props.queue.map(
-                  (item) => html`
+        (item) => html`
                     <div class="chat-queue__item">
                       <div class="chat-queue__text">
                         ${item.text ||
-                        (item.attachments?.length
-                          ? `Image (${item.attachments.length})`
-                          : "")}
+          (item.attachments?.length
+            ? t("chat.imageAttachment", { count: item.attachments.length })
+            : "")}
                       </div>
                       <button
                         class="btn chat-queue__remove"
                         type="button"
-                        aria-label="Remove queued message"
+                        aria-label=${t("chat.removeQueued")}
                         @click=${() => props.onQueueRemove(item.id)}
                       >
                         ${icons.x}
                       </button>
                     </div>
                   `,
-                )}
+      )}
               </div>
             </div>
           `
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       <div class="chat-compose">
         ${renderAttachmentPreview(props)}
         <div class="chat-compose__row">
           <label class="field chat-compose__field">
-            <span>Message</span>
+            <span>${t("chat.labelMessage")}</span>
             <textarea
               ${ref((el) => el && adjustTextareaHeight(el as HTMLTextAreaElement))}
               .value=${props.draft}
               ?disabled=${!props.connected}
               @keydown=${(e: KeyboardEvent) => {
-                if (e.key !== "Enter") return;
-                if (e.isComposing || e.keyCode === 229) return;
-                if (e.shiftKey) return; // Allow Shift+Enter for line breaks
-                if (!props.connected) return;
-                e.preventDefault();
-                if (canCompose) props.onSend();
-              }}
+      if (e.key !== "Enter") return;
+      if (e.isComposing || e.keyCode === 229) return;
+      if (e.shiftKey) return; // Allow Shift+Enter for line breaks
+      if (!props.connected) return;
+      e.preventDefault();
+      if (canCompose) props.onSend();
+    }}
               @input=${(e: Event) => {
-                const target = e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement;
-                adjustTextareaHeight(target);
-                props.onDraftChange(target.value);
-              }}
+      const target = e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement;
+      adjustTextareaHeight(target);
+      props.onDraftChange(target.value);
+    }}
               @paste=${(e: ClipboardEvent) => handlePaste(e, props)}
               placeholder=${composePlaceholder}
             ></textarea>
@@ -359,14 +360,14 @@ export function renderChat(props: ChatProps) {
               ?disabled=${!props.connected || (!canAbort && props.sending)}
               @click=${canAbort ? props.onAbort : props.onNewSession}
             >
-              ${canAbort ? "Stop" : "New session"}
+              ${canAbort ? t("chat.stop") : t("chat.newSession")}
             </button>
             <button
               class="btn primary"
               ?disabled=${!props.connected}
               @click=${props.onSend}
             >
-              ${isBusy ? "Queue" : "Send"}<kbd class="btn-kbd">↵</kbd>
+              ${isBusy ? t("chat.queue") : t("chat.send")}<kbd class="btn-kbd">↵</kbd>
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -425,7 +426,7 @@ function buildChatItems(props: ChatProps): Array<ChatItem | MessageGroup> {
       key: "chat:history:notice",
       message: {
         role: "system",
-        content: `Showing last ${CHAT_HISTORY_RENDER_LIMIT} messages (${historyStart} hidden).`,
+        content: t("chat.historyNotice", { limit: CHAT_HISTORY_RENDER_LIMIT, hidden: historyStart }),
         timestamp: Date.now(),
       },
     });
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/config-form.node.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/config-form.node.ts
index 17a182281..5983d4b17 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/config-form.node.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/config-form.node.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing, type TemplateResult } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import type { ConfigUiHints } from "../types";
 import {
   defaultValue,
@@ -26,6 +27,34 @@ function jsonValue(value: unknown): string {
   }
 }
 
+function resolveNodeLabels(
+  path: Array<string | number>,
+  schema: JsonSchema,
+  hints: ConfigUiHints
+): { label: string; help?: string } {
+  const hint = hintForPath(path, hints);
+  // Try translation
+  // Filter out numeric indices to handle array items if necessary, 
+  // but for settings keys (which are object properties), we usually want the specific path.
+  // However, many array items might share the same schema. 
+  // For now, we focus on the settings panel which is mostly object paths.
+  const strPath = path.join(".");
+  const schemaPath = `config.schema.${strPath}`;
+  const labelKey = `${schemaPath}.label`;
+  const descKey = `${schemaPath}.description`;
+
+  const translatedLabel = t(labelKey);
+  const translatedDesc = t(descKey);
+
+  const fallbackLabel = hint?.label ?? schema.title ?? humanize(String(path.at(-1)));
+  const fallbackHelp = hint?.help ?? schema.description;
+
+  return {
+    label: translatedLabel && translatedLabel !== labelKey ? translatedLabel : fallbackLabel,
+    help: translatedDesc && translatedDesc !== descKey ? translatedDesc : fallbackHelp,
+  };
+}
+
 // SVG Icons as template literals
 const icons = {
   chevronDown: html`<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg>`,
@@ -48,15 +77,18 @@ export function renderNode(params: {
   const { schema, value, path, hints, unsupported, disabled, onPatch } = params;
   const showLabel = params.showLabel ?? true;
   const type = schemaType(schema);
-  const hint = hintForPath(path, hints);
-  const label = hint?.label ?? schema.title ?? humanize(String(path.at(-1)));
-  const help = hint?.help ?? schema.description;
+  const hint = hintForPath(path, hints); // Keep for sensitive check below? 
+  // Actually resolveNodeLabels does `hintForPath` internally but we might need `hint` variable for other things like `sensitive`.
+  // `renderNode` doesn't use `hint` for anything else except label/help.
+  // `pathKey` is used below.
+
+  const { label, help } = resolveNodeLabels(path, schema, hints);
   const key = pathKey(path);
 
   if (unsupported.has(key)) {
     return html`<div class="cfg-field cfg-field--error">
       <div class="cfg-field__label">${label}</div>
-      <div class="cfg-field__error">Unsupported schema node. Use Raw mode.</div>
+      <div class="cfg-field__error">${t("configNodes.unsupportedNode")}</div>
     </div>`;
   }
 
@@ -210,7 +242,7 @@ export function renderNode(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="cfg-field cfg-field--error">
       <div class="cfg-field__label">${label}</div>
-      <div class="cfg-field__error">Unsupported type: ${type}. Use Raw mode.</div>
+      <div class="cfg-field__error">${t("configNodes.unsupportedType", { type })}</div>
     </div>
   `;
 }
@@ -228,12 +260,15 @@ function renderTextInput(params: {
   const { schema, value, path, hints, disabled, onPatch, inputType } = params;
   const showLabel = params.showLabel ?? true;
   const hint = hintForPath(path, hints);
-  const label = hint?.label ?? schema.title ?? humanize(String(path.at(-1)));
-  const help = hint?.help ?? schema.description;
+  const { label, help } = resolveNodeLabels(path, schema, hints);
   const isSensitive = hint?.sensitive ?? isSensitivePath(path);
   const placeholder =
     hint?.placeholder ??
-    (isSensitive ? "••••" : schema.default !== undefined ? `Default: ${schema.default}` : "");
+    (isSensitive
+      ? "••••"
+      : schema.default !== undefined
+        ? t("configNodes.defaultLabel", { value: String(schema.default) })
+        : "");
   const displayValue = value ?? "";
 
   return html`
@@ -248,29 +283,29 @@ function renderTextInput(params: {
           .value=${displayValue == null ? "" : String(displayValue)}
           ?disabled=${disabled}
           @input=${(e: Event) => {
-            const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
-            if (inputType === "number") {
-              if (raw.trim() === "") {
-                onPatch(path, undefined);
-                return;
-              }
-              const parsed = Number(raw);
-              onPatch(path, Number.isNaN(parsed) ? raw : parsed);
-              return;
-            }
-            onPatch(path, raw);
-          }}
+      const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
+      if (inputType === "number") {
+        if (raw.trim() === "") {
+          onPatch(path, undefined);
+          return;
+        }
+        const parsed = Number(raw);
+        onPatch(path, Number.isNaN(parsed) ? raw : parsed);
+        return;
+      }
+      onPatch(path, raw);
+    }}
           @change=${(e: Event) => {
-            if (inputType === "number") return;
-            const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
-            onPatch(path, raw.trim());
-          }}
+      if (inputType === "number") return;
+      const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
+      onPatch(path, raw.trim());
+    }}
         />
         ${schema.default !== undefined ? html`
           <button
             type="button"
             class="cfg-input__reset"
-            title="Reset to default"
+            title=${t("configNodes.resetTitle")}
             ?disabled=${disabled}
             @click=${() => onPatch(path, schema.default)}
           >↺</button>
@@ -292,8 +327,7 @@ function renderNumberInput(params: {
   const { schema, value, path, hints, disabled, onPatch } = params;
   const showLabel = params.showLabel ?? true;
   const hint = hintForPath(path, hints);
-  const label = hint?.label ?? schema.title ?? humanize(String(path.at(-1)));
-  const help = hint?.help ?? schema.description;
+  const { label, help } = resolveNodeLabels(path, schema, hints);
   const displayValue = value ?? schema.default ?? "";
   const numValue = typeof displayValue === "number" ? displayValue : 0;
 
@@ -314,10 +348,10 @@ function renderNumberInput(params: {
           .value=${displayValue == null ? "" : String(displayValue)}
           ?disabled=${disabled}
           @input=${(e: Event) => {
-            const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
-            const parsed = raw === "" ? undefined : Number(raw);
-            onPatch(path, parsed);
-          }}
+      const raw = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
+      const parsed = raw === "" ? undefined : Number(raw);
+      onPatch(path, parsed);
+    }}
         />
         <button
           type="button"
@@ -343,8 +377,7 @@ function renderSelect(params: {
   const { schema, value, path, hints, disabled, options, onPatch } = params;
   const showLabel = params.showLabel ?? true;
   const hint = hintForPath(path, hints);
-  const label = hint?.label ?? schema.title ?? humanize(String(path.at(-1)));
-  const help = hint?.help ?? schema.description;
+  const { label, help } = resolveNodeLabels(path, schema, hints);
   const resolvedValue = value ?? schema.default;
   const currentIndex = options.findIndex(
     (opt) => opt === resolvedValue || String(opt) === String(resolvedValue),
@@ -360,11 +393,11 @@ function renderSelect(params: {
         ?disabled=${disabled}
         .value=${currentIndex >= 0 ? String(currentIndex) : unset}
         @change=${(e: Event) => {
-          const val = (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value;
-          onPatch(path, val === unset ? undefined : options[Number(val)]);
-        }}
+      const val = (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+      onPatch(path, val === unset ? undefined : options[Number(val)]);
+    }}
       >
-        <option value=${unset}>Select...</option>
+        <option value=${unset}>${t("configNodes.selectPlaceholder")}</option>
         ${options.map((opt, idx) => html`
           <option value=${String(idx)}>${String(opt)}</option>
         `)}
@@ -386,8 +419,7 @@ function renderObject(params: {
   const { schema, value, path, hints, unsupported, disabled, onPatch } = params;
   const showLabel = params.showLabel ?? true;
   const hint = hintForPath(path, hints);
-  const label = hint?.label ?? schema.title ?? humanize(String(path.at(-1)));
-  const help = hint?.help ?? schema.description;
+  const { label, help } = resolveNodeLabels(path, schema, hints);
 
   const fallback = value ?? schema.default;
   const obj = fallback && typeof fallback === "object" && !Array.isArray(fallback)
@@ -413,26 +445,26 @@ function renderObject(params: {
     return html`
       <div class="cfg-fields">
         ${sorted.map(([propKey, node]) =>
-          renderNode({
-            schema: node,
-            value: obj[propKey],
-            path: [...path, propKey],
-            hints,
-            unsupported,
-            disabled,
-            onPatch,
-          })
-        )}
+      renderNode({
+        schema: node,
+        value: obj[propKey],
+        path: [...path, propKey],
+        hints,
+        unsupported,
+        disabled,
+        onPatch,
+      })
+    )}
         ${allowExtra ? renderMapField({
-          schema: additional as JsonSchema,
-          value: obj,
-          path,
-          hints,
-          unsupported,
-          disabled,
-          reservedKeys: reserved,
-          onPatch,
-        }) : nothing}
+      schema: additional as JsonSchema,
+      value: obj,
+      path,
+      hints,
+      unsupported,
+      disabled,
+      reservedKeys: reserved,
+      onPatch,
+    }) : nothing}
       </div>
     `;
   }
@@ -447,26 +479,26 @@ function renderObject(params: {
       ${help ? html`<div class="cfg-object__help">${help}</div>` : nothing}
       <div class="cfg-object__content">
         ${sorted.map(([propKey, node]) =>
-          renderNode({
-            schema: node,
-            value: obj[propKey],
-            path: [...path, propKey],
-            hints,
-            unsupported,
-            disabled,
-            onPatch,
-          })
-        )}
+    renderNode({
+      schema: node,
+      value: obj[propKey],
+      path: [...path, propKey],
+      hints,
+      unsupported,
+      disabled,
+      onPatch,
+    })
+  )}
         ${allowExtra ? renderMapField({
-          schema: additional as JsonSchema,
-          value: obj,
-          path,
-          hints,
-          unsupported,
-          disabled,
-          reservedKeys: reserved,
-          onPatch,
-        }) : nothing}
+    schema: additional as JsonSchema,
+    value: obj,
+    path,
+    hints,
+    unsupported,
+    disabled,
+    reservedKeys: reserved,
+    onPatch,
+  }) : nothing}
       </div>
     </details>
   `;
@@ -485,8 +517,7 @@ function renderArray(params: {
   const { schema, value, path, hints, unsupported, disabled, onPatch } = params;
   const showLabel = params.showLabel ?? true;
   const hint = hintForPath(path, hints);
-  const label = hint?.label ?? schema.title ?? humanize(String(path.at(-1)));
-  const help = hint?.help ?? schema.description;
+  const { label, help } = resolveNodeLabels(path, schema, hints);
 
   const itemsSchema = Array.isArray(schema.items) ? schema.items[0] : schema.items;
   if (!itemsSchema) {
@@ -504,25 +535,25 @@ function renderArray(params: {
     <div class="cfg-array">
       <div class="cfg-array__header">
         ${showLabel ? html`<span class="cfg-array__label">${label}</span>` : nothing}
-        <span class="cfg-array__count">${arr.length} item${arr.length !== 1 ? 's' : ''}</span>
+        <span class="cfg-array__count">${t("configNodes.itemsCount", { count: arr.length })}</span>
         <button
           type="button"
           class="cfg-array__add"
           ?disabled=${disabled}
           @click=${() => {
-            const next = [...arr, defaultValue(itemsSchema)];
-            onPatch(path, next);
-          }}
+      const next = [...arr, defaultValue(itemsSchema)];
+      onPatch(path, next);
+    }}
         >
           <span class="cfg-array__add-icon">${icons.plus}</span>
-          Add
+          ${t("configNodes.addItem")}
         </button>
       </div>
       ${help ? html`<div class="cfg-array__help">${help}</div>` : nothing}
 
       ${arr.length === 0 ? html`
         <div class="cfg-array__empty">
-          No items yet. Click "Add" to create one.
+          ${t("configNodes.noItems")}
         </div>
       ` : html`
         <div class="cfg-array__items">
@@ -533,28 +564,28 @@ function renderArray(params: {
                 <button
                   type="button"
                   class="cfg-array__item-remove"
-                  title="Remove item"
+                  title=${t("configNodes.removeItem")}
                   ?disabled=${disabled}
                   @click=${() => {
-                    const next = [...arr];
-                    next.splice(idx, 1);
-                    onPatch(path, next);
-                  }}
+        const next = [...arr];
+        next.splice(idx, 1);
+        onPatch(path, next);
+      }}
                 >
                   ${icons.trash}
                 </button>
               </div>
               <div class="cfg-array__item-content">
                 ${renderNode({
-                  schema: itemsSchema,
-                  value: item,
-                  path: [...path, idx],
-                  hints,
-                  unsupported,
-                  disabled,
-                  showLabel: false,
-                  onPatch,
-                })}
+        schema: itemsSchema,
+        value: item,
+        path: [...path, idx],
+        hints,
+        unsupported,
+        disabled,
+        showLabel: false,
+        onPatch,
+      })}
               </div>
             </div>
           `)}
@@ -581,106 +612,106 @@ function renderMapField(params: {
   return html`
     <div class="cfg-map">
       <div class="cfg-map__header">
-        <span class="cfg-map__label">Custom entries</span>
+        <span class="cfg-map__label">${t("configNodes.customEntries")}</span>
         <button
           type="button"
           class="cfg-map__add"
           ?disabled=${disabled}
           @click=${() => {
-            const next = { ...(value ?? {}) };
-            let index = 1;
-            let key = `custom-${index}`;
-            while (key in next) {
-              index += 1;
-              key = `custom-${index}`;
-            }
-            next[key] = anySchema ? {} : defaultValue(schema);
-            onPatch(path, next);
-          }}
+      const next = { ...(value ?? {}) };
+      let index = 1;
+      let key = `custom-${index}`;
+      while (key in next) {
+        index += 1;
+        key = `custom-${index}`;
+      }
+      next[key] = anySchema ? {} : defaultValue(schema);
+      onPatch(path, next);
+    }}
         >
           <span class="cfg-map__add-icon">${icons.plus}</span>
-          Add Entry
+          ${t("configNodes.addEntry")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       ${entries.length === 0 ? html`
-        <div class="cfg-map__empty">No custom entries.</div>
+        <div class="cfg-map__empty">${t("configNodes.noCustomEntries")}</div>
       ` : html`
         <div class="cfg-map__items">
           ${entries.map(([key, entryValue]) => {
-            const valuePath = [...path, key];
-            const fallback = jsonValue(entryValue);
-            return html`
+      const valuePath = [...path, key];
+      const fallback = jsonValue(entryValue);
+      return html`
               <div class="cfg-map__item">
                 <div class="cfg-map__item-key">
                   <input
                     type="text"
                     class="cfg-input cfg-input--sm"
-                    placeholder="Key"
+                    placeholder=${t("configNodes.keyPlaceholder")}
                     .value=${key}
                     ?disabled=${disabled}
                     @change=${(e: Event) => {
-                      const nextKey = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value.trim();
-                      if (!nextKey || nextKey === key) return;
-                      const next = { ...(value ?? {}) };
-                      if (nextKey in next) return;
-                      next[nextKey] = next[key];
-                      delete next[key];
-                      onPatch(path, next);
-                    }}
+          const nextKey = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value.trim();
+          if (!nextKey || nextKey === key) return;
+          const next = { ...(value ?? {}) };
+          if (nextKey in next) return;
+          next[nextKey] = next[key];
+          delete next[key];
+          onPatch(path, next);
+        }}
                   />
                 </div>
                 <div class="cfg-map__item-value">
                   ${anySchema
-                    ? html`
+          ? html`
                         <textarea
                           class="cfg-textarea cfg-textarea--sm"
-                          placeholder="JSON value"
+                          placeholder=${t("configNodes.jsonValuePlaceholder")}
                           rows="2"
                           .value=${fallback}
                           ?disabled=${disabled}
                           @change=${(e: Event) => {
-                            const target = e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement;
-                            const raw = target.value.trim();
-                            if (!raw) {
-                              onPatch(valuePath, undefined);
-                              return;
-                            }
-                            try {
-                              onPatch(valuePath, JSON.parse(raw));
-                            } catch {
-                              target.value = fallback;
-                            }
-                          }}
+              const target = e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement;
+              const raw = target.value.trim();
+              if (!raw) {
+                onPatch(valuePath, undefined);
+                return;
+              }
+              try {
+                onPatch(valuePath, JSON.parse(raw));
+              } catch {
+                target.value = fallback;
+              }
+            }}
                         ></textarea>
                       `
-                    : renderNode({
-                        schema,
-                        value: entryValue,
-                        path: valuePath,
-                        hints,
-                        unsupported,
-                        disabled,
-                        showLabel: false,
-                        onPatch,
-                      })}
+          : renderNode({
+            schema,
+            value: entryValue,
+            path: valuePath,
+            hints,
+            unsupported,
+            disabled,
+            showLabel: false,
+            onPatch,
+          })}
                 </div>
                 <button
                   type="button"
                   class="cfg-map__item-remove"
-                  title="Remove entry"
+                  title=${t("configNodes.removeEntry")}
                   ?disabled=${disabled}
                   @click=${() => {
-                    const next = { ...(value ?? {}) };
-                    delete next[key];
-                    onPatch(path, next);
-                  }}
+          const next = { ...(value ?? {}) };
+          delete next[key];
+          onPatch(path, next);
+        }}
                 >
                   ${icons.trash}
                 </button>
               </div>
             `;
-          })}
+    })}
         </div>
       `}
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/config-form.render.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/config-form.render.ts
index 2e7dc5f4e..fe93d6035 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/config-form.render.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/config-form.render.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import type { ConfigUiHints } from "../types";
 import { icons } from "../icons";
 import {
@@ -54,37 +55,15 @@ const sectionIcons = {
   default: html`<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z"></path><polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline></svg>`,
 };
 
-// Section metadata
-export const SECTION_META: Record<string, { label: string; description: string }> = {
-  env: { label: "Environment Variables", description: "Environment variables passed to the gateway process" },
-  update: { label: "Updates", description: "Auto-update settings and release channel" },
-  agents: { label: "Agents", description: "Agent configurations, models, and identities" },
-  auth: { label: "Authentication", description: "API keys and authentication profiles" },
-  channels: { label: "Channels", description: "Messaging channels (Telegram, Discord, Slack, etc.)" },
-  messages: { label: "Messages", description: "Message handling and routing settings" },
-  commands: { label: "Commands", description: "Custom slash commands" },
-  hooks: { label: "Hooks", description: "Webhooks and event hooks" },
-  skills: { label: "Skills", description: "Skill packs and capabilities" },
-  tools: { label: "Tools", description: "Tool configurations (browser, search, etc.)" },
-  gateway: { label: "Gateway", description: "Gateway server settings (port, auth, binding)" },
-  wizard: { label: "Setup Wizard", description: "Setup wizard state and history" },
-  // Additional sections
-  meta: { label: "Metadata", description: "Gateway metadata and version information" },
-  logging: { label: "Logging", description: "Log levels and output configuration" },
-  browser: { label: "Browser", description: "Browser automation settings" },
-  ui: { label: "UI", description: "User interface preferences" },
-  models: { label: "Models", description: "AI model configurations and providers" },
-  bindings: { label: "Bindings", description: "Key bindings and shortcuts" },
-  broadcast: { label: "Broadcast", description: "Broadcast and notification settings" },
-  audio: { label: "Audio", description: "Audio input/output settings" },
-  session: { label: "Session", description: "Session management and persistence" },
-  cron: { label: "Cron", description: "Scheduled tasks and automation" },
-  web: { label: "Web", description: "Web server and API settings" },
-  discovery: { label: "Discovery", description: "Service discovery and networking" },
-  canvasHost: { label: "Canvas Host", description: "Canvas rendering and display" },
-  talk: { label: "Talk", description: "Voice and speech settings" },
-  plugins: { label: "Plugins", description: "Plugin management and extensions" },
-};
+// Section metadata is now retrieved via getSectionMeta(key) to support localization
+function getSectionMeta(key: string): { label: string; description: string } {
+  return (
+    (t(`configSections.${key}` as any) as any) ?? {
+      label: key.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + key.slice(1),
+      description: "",
+    }
+  );
+}
 
 function getSectionIcon(key: string) {
   return sectionIcons[key as keyof typeof sectionIcons] ?? sectionIcons.default;
@@ -93,7 +72,7 @@ function getSectionIcon(key: string) {
 function matchesSearch(key: string, schema: JsonSchema, query: string): boolean {
   if (!query) return true;
   const q = query.toLowerCase();
-  const meta = SECTION_META[key];
+  const meta = getSectionMeta(key);
 
   // Check key name
   if (key.toLowerCase().includes(q)) return true;
@@ -142,12 +121,12 @@ function schemaMatches(schema: JsonSchema, query: string): boolean {
 
 export function renderConfigForm(props: ConfigFormProps) {
   if (!props.schema) {
-    return html`<div class="muted">Schema unavailable.</div>`;
+    return html`<div class="muted">${t("configErrors.schemaUnavailable")}</div>`;
   }
   const schema = props.schema;
   const value = props.value ?? {};
   if (schemaType(schema) !== "object" || !schema.properties) {
-    return html`<div class="callout danger">Unsupported schema. Use Raw.</div>`;
+    return html`<div class="callout danger">${t("configErrors.unsupportedSchema")}</div>`;
   }
   const unsupported = new Set(props.unsupportedPaths ?? []);
   const properties = schema.properties;
@@ -193,8 +172,8 @@ export function renderConfigForm(props: ConfigFormProps) {
         <div class="config-empty__icon">${icons.search}</div>
         <div class="config-empty__text">
           ${searchQuery
-            ? `No settings match "${searchQuery}"`
-            : "No settings in this section"}
+        ? t("configErrors.noMatch", { query: searchQuery })
+        : t("configErrors.emptySection")}
         </div>
       </div>
     `;
@@ -203,75 +182,91 @@ export function renderConfigForm(props: ConfigFormProps) {
   return html`
     <div class="config-form config-form--modern">
       ${subsectionContext
-        ? (() => {
-            const { sectionKey, subsectionKey, schema: node } = subsectionContext;
-            const hint = hintForPath([sectionKey, subsectionKey], props.uiHints);
-            const label = hint?.label ?? node.title ?? humanize(subsectionKey);
-            const description = hint?.help ?? node.description ?? "";
-            const sectionValue = (value as Record<string, unknown>)[sectionKey];
-            const scopedValue =
-              sectionValue && typeof sectionValue === "object"
-                ? (sectionValue as Record<string, unknown>)[subsectionKey]
-                : undefined;
-            const id = `config-section-${sectionKey}-${subsectionKey}`;
-            return html`
+      ? (() => {
+        const { sectionKey, subsectionKey, schema: node } = subsectionContext;
+        const hint = hintForPath([sectionKey, subsectionKey], props.uiHints);
+
+        // Try translation first
+        const schemaPath = `config.schema.${sectionKey}.${subsectionKey}`;
+        const labelKey = `${schemaPath}.label`;
+        const descKey = `${schemaPath}.description`;
+        const translatedLabel = t(labelKey);
+        const translatedDesc = t(descKey);
+
+        const label = translatedLabel !== labelKey ? translatedLabel : (hint?.label ?? node.title ?? humanize(subsectionKey));
+        const description = translatedDesc !== descKey ? translatedDesc : (hint?.help ?? node.description ?? "");
+        const sectionValue = (value as Record<string, unknown>)[sectionKey];
+        const scopedValue =
+          sectionValue && typeof sectionValue === "object"
+            ? (sectionValue as Record<string, unknown>)[subsectionKey]
+            : undefined;
+        const id = `config-section-${sectionKey}-${subsectionKey}`;
+        return html`
               <section class="config-section-card" id=${id}>
                 <div class="config-section-card__header">
                   <span class="config-section-card__icon">${getSectionIcon(sectionKey)}</span>
                   <div class="config-section-card__titles">
                     <h3 class="config-section-card__title">${label}</h3>
                     ${description
-                      ? html`<p class="config-section-card__desc">${description}</p>`
-                      : nothing}
+            ? html`<p class="config-section-card__desc">${description}</p>`
+            : nothing}
                   </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="config-section-card__content">
                   ${renderNode({
-                    schema: node,
-                    value: scopedValue,
-                    path: [sectionKey, subsectionKey],
-                    hints: props.uiHints,
-                    unsupported,
-                    disabled: props.disabled ?? false,
-                    showLabel: false,
-                    onPatch: props.onPatch,
-                  })}
+              schema: node,
+              value: scopedValue,
+              path: [sectionKey, subsectionKey],
+              hints: props.uiHints,
+              unsupported,
+              disabled: props.disabled ?? false,
+              showLabel: false,
+              onPatch: props.onPatch,
+            })}
                 </div>
               </section>
             `;
-          })()
-        : filteredEntries.map(([key, node]) => {
-            const meta = SECTION_META[key] ?? {
-              label: key.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + key.slice(1),
-              description: node.description ?? "",
-            };
+      })()
+      : filteredEntries.map(([key, node]) => {
+        const meta = getSectionMeta(key);
+        // Try translation for top-level schema items if not in meta
+        const schemaPath = `config.schema.${key}`;
+        const labelKey = `${schemaPath}.label`;
+        const descKey = `${schemaPath}.description`;
+        const translatedLabel = t(labelKey);
+        const translatedDesc = t(descKey);
 
-            return html`
+        const label = translatedLabel !== labelKey ? translatedLabel : meta.label;
+        const description = translatedDesc !== descKey ? translatedDesc : meta.description;
+
+        return html`
               <section class="config-section-card" id="config-section-${key}">
                 <div class="config-section-card__header">
                   <span class="config-section-card__icon">${getSectionIcon(key)}</span>
                   <div class="config-section-card__titles">
-                    <h3 class="config-section-card__title">${meta.label}</h3>
-                    ${meta.description
-                      ? html`<p class="config-section-card__desc">${meta.description}</p>`
-                      : nothing}
+                    <h3 class="config-section-card__title">${label}</h3>
+                    ${description
+            ? html`<p class="config-section-card__desc">${meta.description}</p>`
+            : nothing}
                   </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="config-section-card__content">
                   ${renderNode({
-                    schema: node,
-                    value: (value as Record<string, unknown>)[key],
-                    path: [key],
-                    hints: props.uiHints,
-                    unsupported,
-                    disabled: props.disabled ?? false,
-                    showLabel: false,
-                    onPatch: props.onPatch,
-                  })}
+              schema: node,
+              value: (value as Record<string, unknown>)[key],
+              path: [key],
+              hints: props.uiHints,
+              unsupported,
+              disabled: props.disabled ?? false,
+              showLabel: false,
+              onPatch: props.onPatch,
+            })}
                 </div>
               </section>
             `;
-          })}
+      })}
     </div>
   `;
 }
+
+export const SECTION_META = sectionIcons;
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/config.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/config.ts
index ff6f57f32..363cb215c 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/config.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/config.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
 import type { ConfigUiHints } from "../types";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import { analyzeConfigSchema, renderConfigForm, SECTION_META } from "./config-form";
 import {
   hintForPath,
@@ -75,18 +76,37 @@ const sidebarIcons = {
 
 // Section definitions
 const SECTIONS: Array<{ key: string; label: string }> = [
-  { key: "env", label: "Environment" },
-  { key: "update", label: "Updates" },
-  { key: "agents", label: "Agents" },
-  { key: "auth", label: "Authentication" },
-  { key: "channels", label: "Channels" },
-  { key: "messages", label: "Messages" },
-  { key: "commands", label: "Commands" },
-  { key: "hooks", label: "Hooks" },
-  { key: "skills", label: "Skills" },
-  { key: "tools", label: "Tools" },
-  { key: "gateway", label: "Gateway" },
-  { key: "wizard", label: "Setup Wizard" },
+  { key: "env", label: t("config.sections.env") },
+  { key: "update", label: t("config.sections.update") },
+  { key: "agents", label: t("config.sections.agents") },
+  { key: "auth", label: t("config.sections.auth") },
+  { key: "channels", label: t("config.sections.channels") },
+  { key: "messages", label: t("config.sections.messages") },
+  { key: "commands", label: t("config.sections.commands") },
+  { key: "hooks", label: t("config.sections.hooks") },
+  { key: "skills", label: t("config.sections.skills") },
+  { key: "tools", label: t("config.sections.tools") },
+  { key: "gateway", label: t("config.sections.gateway") },
+  { key: "wizard", label: t("config.sections.wizard") },
+  { key: "meta", label: t("config.sections.meta") },
+  { key: "diagnostics", label: t("config.sections.diagnostics") },
+  { key: "logging", label: t("config.sections.logging") },
+  { key: "browser", label: t("config.sections.browser") },
+  { key: "ui", label: t("config.sections.ui") },
+  { key: "models", label: t("config.sections.models") },
+  { key: "nodeHost", label: t("config.sections.nodeHost") },
+  { key: "bindings", label: t("config.sections.bindings") },
+  { key: "broadcast", label: t("config.sections.broadcast") },
+  { key: "audio", label: t("config.sections.audio") },
+  { key: "media", label: t("config.sections.media") },
+  { key: "approvals", label: t("config.sections.approvals") },
+  { key: "session", label: t("config.sections.session") },
+  { key: "cron", label: t("config.sections.cron") },
+  { key: "web", label: t("config.sections.web") },
+  { key: "discovery", label: t("config.sections.discovery") },
+  { key: "canvasHost", label: t("config.sections.canvasHost") },
+  { key: "talk", label: t("config.sections.talk") },
+  { key: "plugins", label: t("config.sections.plugins") },
 ];
 
 type SubsectionEntry = {
@@ -210,10 +230,10 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
     : null;
   const subsections = props.activeSection
     ? resolveSubsections({
-        key: props.activeSection,
-        schema: activeSectionSchema,
-        uiHints: props.uiHints,
-      })
+      key: props.activeSection,
+      schema: activeSectionSchema,
+      uiHints: props.uiHints,
+    })
     : [];
   const allowSubnav =
     props.formMode === "form" &&
@@ -255,8 +275,8 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
       <!-- Sidebar -->
       <aside class="config-sidebar">
         <div class="config-sidebar__header">
-          <div class="config-sidebar__title">Settings</div>
-          <span class="pill pill--sm ${validity === "valid" ? "pill--ok" : validity === "invalid" ? "pill--danger" : ""}">${validity}</span>
+          <div class="config-sidebar__title">${t("nav.settings")}</div>
+          <span class="pill pill--sm ${validity === "valid" ? "pill--ok" : validity === "invalid" ? "pill--danger" : ""}">${t(`common.${validity}`)}</span>
         </div>
 
         <!-- Search -->
@@ -268,7 +288,7 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
           <input
             type="text"
             class="config-search__input"
-            placeholder="Search settings..."
+            placeholder=${t("config.searchPlaceholder")}
             .value=${props.searchQuery}
             @input=${(e: Event) => props.onSearchChange((e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
           />
@@ -287,7 +307,7 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
             @click=${() => props.onSectionChange(null)}
           >
             <span class="config-nav__icon">${sidebarIcons.all}</span>
-            <span class="config-nav__label">All Settings</span>
+            <span class="config-nav__label">${t("config.allSettings")}</span>
           </button>
           ${allSections.map(section => html`
             <button
@@ -308,13 +328,13 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
               ?disabled=${props.schemaLoading || !props.schema}
               @click=${() => props.onFormModeChange("form")}
             >
-              Form
+              ${t("config.formMode")}
             </button>
             <button
               class="config-mode-toggle__btn ${props.formMode === "raw" ? "active" : ""}"
               @click=${() => props.onFormModeChange("raw")}
             >
-              Raw
+              ${t("config.rawMode")}
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -326,35 +346,35 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
         <div class="config-actions">
           <div class="config-actions__left">
             ${hasChanges ? html`
-              <span class="config-changes-badge">${props.formMode === "raw" ? "Unsaved changes" : `${diff.length} unsaved change${diff.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}`}</span>
+              <span class="config-changes-badge">${props.formMode === "raw" ? t("config.unsavedChanges") : t("config.unsavedChangeCount", { count: diff.length })}</span>
             ` : html`
-              <span class="config-status muted">No changes</span>
+              <span class="config-status muted">${t("config.noChanges")}</span>
             `}
           </div>
           <div class="config-actions__right">
             <button class="btn btn--sm" ?disabled=${props.loading} @click=${props.onReload}>
-              ${props.loading ? "Loading…" : "Reload"}
+              ${props.loading ? t("config.reloading") : t("config.reload")}
             </button>
             <button
               class="btn btn--sm primary"
               ?disabled=${!canSave}
               @click=${props.onSave}
             >
-              ${props.saving ? "Saving…" : "Save"}
+              ${props.saving ? t("config.saving") : t("config.save")}
             </button>
             <button
               class="btn btn--sm"
               ?disabled=${!canApply}
               @click=${props.onApply}
             >
-              ${props.applying ? "Applying…" : "Apply"}
+              ${props.applying ? t("config.applying") : t("config.apply")}
             </button>
             <button
               class="btn btn--sm"
               ?disabled=${!canUpdate}
               @click=${props.onUpdate}
             >
-              ${props.updating ? "Updating…" : "Update"}
+              ${props.updating ? t("config.updating") : t("config.update")}
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -363,7 +383,7 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
         ${hasChanges && props.formMode === "form" ? html`
           <details class="config-diff">
             <summary class="config-diff__summary">
-              <span>View ${diff.length} pending change${diff.length !== 1 ? "s" : ""}</span>
+              <span>${t("config.viewChanges", { count: diff.length })}</span>
               <svg class="config-diff__chevron" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
                 <polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline>
               </svg>
@@ -384,89 +404,87 @@ export function renderConfig(props: ConfigProps) {
         ` : nothing}
 
         ${activeSectionMeta && props.formMode === "form"
-          ? html`
+      ? html`
               <div class="config-section-hero">
                 <div class="config-section-hero__icon">${getSectionIcon(props.activeSection ?? "")}</div>
                 <div class="config-section-hero__text">
                   <div class="config-section-hero__title">${activeSectionMeta.label}</div>
                   ${activeSectionMeta.description
-                    ? html`<div class="config-section-hero__desc">${activeSectionMeta.description}</div>`
-                    : nothing}
+          ? html`<div class="config-section-hero__desc">${activeSectionMeta.description}</div>`
+          : nothing}
                 </div>
               </div>
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
         ${allowSubnav
-          ? html`
+      ? html`
               <div class="config-subnav">
                 <button
                   class="config-subnav__item ${effectiveSubsection === null ? "active" : ""}"
                   @click=${() => props.onSubsectionChange(ALL_SUBSECTION)}
                 >
-                  All
+                  ${t("config.allSubsections")}
                 </button>
                 ${subsections.map(
-                  (entry) => html`
+        (entry) => html`
                     <button
-                      class="config-subnav__item ${
-                        effectiveSubsection === entry.key ? "active" : ""
-                      }"
+                      class="config-subnav__item ${effectiveSubsection === entry.key ? "active" : ""
+          }"
                       title=${entry.description || entry.label}
                       @click=${() => props.onSubsectionChange(entry.key)}
                     >
                       ${entry.label}
                     </button>
                   `,
-                )}
+      )}
               </div>
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
         <!-- Form content -->
         <div class="config-content">
           ${props.formMode === "form"
-            ? html`
+      ? html`
                 ${props.schemaLoading
-                  ? html`<div class="config-loading">
+          ? html`<div class="config-loading">
                       <div class="config-loading__spinner"></div>
-                      <span>Loading schema…</span>
+                      <span>${t("config.loadingSchema")}</span>
                     </div>`
-                  : renderConfigForm({
-                      schema: analysis.schema,
-                      uiHints: props.uiHints,
-                      value: props.formValue,
-                      disabled: props.loading || !props.formValue,
-                      unsupportedPaths: analysis.unsupportedPaths,
-                      onPatch: props.onFormPatch,
-                      searchQuery: props.searchQuery,
-                      activeSection: props.activeSection,
-                      activeSubsection: effectiveSubsection,
-                    })}
+          : renderConfigForm({
+            schema: analysis.schema,
+            uiHints: props.uiHints,
+            value: props.formValue,
+            disabled: props.loading || !props.formValue,
+            unsupportedPaths: analysis.unsupportedPaths,
+            onPatch: props.onFormPatch,
+            searchQuery: props.searchQuery,
+            activeSection: props.activeSection,
+            activeSubsection: effectiveSubsection,
+          })}
                 ${formUnsafe
-                  ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-                      Form view can't safely edit some fields.
-                      Use Raw to avoid losing config entries.
+          ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+                      ${t("config.unsafeWarning")}
                     </div>`
-                  : nothing}
+          : nothing}
               `
-            : html`
+      : html`
                 <label class="field config-raw-field">
-                  <span>Raw JSON5</span>
+                  <span>${t("config.rawLabel")}</span>
                   <textarea
                     .value=${props.raw}
                     @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                      props.onRawChange((e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement).value)}
+          props.onRawChange((e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement).value)}
                   ></textarea>
                 </label>
               `}
         </div>
 
         ${props.issues.length > 0
-          ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
               <pre class="code-block">${JSON.stringify(props.issues, null, 2)}</pre>
             </div>`
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       </main>
     </div>
   `;
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/cron.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/cron.ts
index d25e3eb45..744a0f6c7 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/cron.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/cron.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatMs } from "../format";
 import {
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ function buildChannelOptions(props: CronProps): string[] {
 }
 
 function resolveChannelLabel(props: CronProps, channel: string): string {
-  if (channel === "last") return "last";
+  if (channel === "last") return t("cron.lastChannel");
   const meta = props.channelMeta?.find((entry) => entry.id === channel);
   if (meta?.label) return meta.label;
   return props.channelLabels?.[channel] ?? channel;
@@ -57,223 +58,223 @@ export function renderCron(props: CronProps) {
   return html`
     <section class="grid grid-cols-2">
       <div class="card">
-        <div class="card-title">Scheduler</div>
-        <div class="card-sub">Gateway-owned cron scheduler status.</div>
+        <div class="card-title">${t("cron.scheduler")}</div>
+        <div class="card-sub">${t("cron.schedulerSubtitle")}</div>
         <div class="stat-grid" style="margin-top: 16px;">
           <div class="stat">
-            <div class="stat-label">Enabled</div>
+            <div class="stat-label">${t("cron.enabled")}</div>
             <div class="stat-value">
               ${props.status
-                ? props.status.enabled
-                  ? "Yes"
-                  : "No"
-                : "n/a"}
+      ? props.status.enabled
+        ? t("channels.yes")
+        : t("channels.no")
+      : t("common.na")}
             </div>
           </div>
           <div class="stat">
-            <div class="stat-label">Jobs</div>
-            <div class="stat-value">${props.status?.jobs ?? "n/a"}</div>
+            <div class="stat-label">${t("cron.jobs")}</div>
+            <div class="stat-value">${props.status?.jobs ?? t("common.na")}</div>
           </div>
           <div class="stat">
-            <div class="stat-label">Next wake</div>
+            <div class="stat-label">${t("cron.nextWake")}</div>
             <div class="stat-value">${formatNextRun(props.status?.nextWakeAtMs ?? null)}</div>
           </div>
         </div>
         <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
           <button class="btn" ?disabled=${props.loading} @click=${props.onRefresh}>
-            ${props.loading ? "Refreshing…" : "Refresh"}
+            ${props.loading ? t("common.loading") : t("common.refresh")}
           </button>
           ${props.error ? html`<span class="muted">${props.error}</span>` : nothing}
         </div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="card">
-        <div class="card-title">New Job</div>
-        <div class="card-sub">Create a scheduled wakeup or agent run.</div>
+        <div class="card-title">${t("cron.newJob")}</div>
+        <div class="card-sub">${t("cron.newJobSubtitle")}</div>
         <div class="form-grid" style="margin-top: 16px;">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Name</span>
+            <span>${t("cron.name")}</span>
             <input
               .value=${props.form.name}
               @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onFormChange({ name: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
+      props.onFormChange({ name: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
             />
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Description</span>
+            <span>${t("cron.description")}</span>
             <input
               .value=${props.form.description}
               @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onFormChange({ description: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
+      props.onFormChange({ description: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
             />
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Agent ID</span>
+            <span>${t("cron.agentId")}</span>
             <input
               .value=${props.form.agentId}
               @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onFormChange({ agentId: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
+      props.onFormChange({ agentId: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
               placeholder="default"
             />
           </label>
           <label class="field checkbox">
-            <span>Enabled</span>
+            <span>${t("cron.enabled")}</span>
             <input
               type="checkbox"
               .checked=${props.form.enabled}
               @change=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onFormChange({ enabled: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked })}
+      props.onFormChange({ enabled: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked })}
             />
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Schedule</span>
+            <span>${t("cron.schedule")}</span>
             <select
               .value=${props.form.scheduleKind}
               @change=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onFormChange({
-                  scheduleKind: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["scheduleKind"],
-                })}
+      props.onFormChange({
+        scheduleKind: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["scheduleKind"],
+      })}
             >
-              <option value="every">Every</option>
-              <option value="at">At</option>
-              <option value="cron">Cron</option>
+              <option value="every">${t("cron.every")}</option>
+              <option value="at">${t("cron.at")}</option>
+              <option value="cron">${t("cron.cron")}</option>
             </select>
           </label>
         </div>
         ${renderScheduleFields(props)}
         <div class="form-grid" style="margin-top: 12px;">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Session</span>
+            <span>${t("cron.session")}</span>
             <select
               .value=${props.form.sessionTarget}
               @change=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onFormChange({
-                  sessionTarget: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["sessionTarget"],
-                })}
+      props.onFormChange({
+        sessionTarget: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["sessionTarget"],
+      })}
             >
-              <option value="main">Main</option>
-              <option value="isolated">Isolated</option>
+              <option value="main">${t("cron.main")}</option>
+              <option value="isolated">${t("cron.isolated")}</option>
             </select>
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Wake mode</span>
+            <span>${t("cron.wakeMode")}</span>
             <select
               .value=${props.form.wakeMode}
               @change=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onFormChange({
-                  wakeMode: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["wakeMode"],
-                })}
+      props.onFormChange({
+        wakeMode: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["wakeMode"],
+      })}
             >
-              <option value="next-heartbeat">Next heartbeat</option>
-              <option value="now">Now</option>
+              <option value="next-heartbeat">${t("cron.nextHeartbeat")}</option>
+              <option value="now">${t("cron.now")}</option>
             </select>
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Payload</span>
+            <span>${t("cron.payload")}</span>
             <select
               .value=${props.form.payloadKind}
               @change=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onFormChange({
-                  payloadKind: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["payloadKind"],
-                })}
+      props.onFormChange({
+        payloadKind: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["payloadKind"],
+      })}
             >
-              <option value="systemEvent">System event</option>
-              <option value="agentTurn">Agent turn</option>
+              <option value="systemEvent">${t("cron.systemEvent")}</option>
+              <option value="agentTurn">${t("cron.agentTurn")}</option>
             </select>
           </label>
         </div>
         <label class="field" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-          <span>${props.form.payloadKind === "systemEvent" ? "System text" : "Agent message"}</span>
+          <span>${props.form.payloadKind === "systemEvent" ? t("cron.systemText") : t("cron.agentMessage")}</span>
           <textarea
             .value=${props.form.payloadText}
             @input=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFormChange({
-                payloadText: (e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement).value,
-              })}
+      props.onFormChange({
+        payloadText: (e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement).value,
+      })}
             rows="4"
           ></textarea>
         </label>
 	          ${props.form.payloadKind === "agentTurn"
-	          ? html`
+      ? html`
 	              <div class="form-grid" style="margin-top: 12px;">
                 <label class="field checkbox">
-                  <span>Deliver</span>
+                  <span>${t("cron.deliver")}</span>
                   <input
                     type="checkbox"
                     .checked=${props.form.deliver}
                     @change=${(e: Event) =>
-                      props.onFormChange({
-                        deliver: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked,
-                      })}
+          props.onFormChange({
+            deliver: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked,
+          })}
                   />
 	                </label>
 	                <label class="field">
-	                  <span>Channel</span>
+	                  <span>${t("cron.channel")}</span>
 	                  <select
 	                    .value=${props.form.channel || "last"}
 	                    @change=${(e: Event) =>
-	                      props.onFormChange({
-	                        channel: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["channel"],
-	                      })}
+          props.onFormChange({
+            channel: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["channel"],
+          })}
 	                  >
 	                    ${channelOptions.map(
-                        (channel) =>
-                          html`<option value=${channel}>
+            (channel) =>
+              html`<option value=${channel}>
                             ${resolveChannelLabel(props, channel)}
                           </option>`,
-                      )}
+          )}
                   </select>
                 </label>
                 <label class="field">
-                  <span>To</span>
+                  <span>${t("cron.to")}</span>
                   <input
                     .value=${props.form.to}
                     @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                      props.onFormChange({ to: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
+          props.onFormChange({ to: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
                     placeholder="+1555… or chat id"
                   />
                 </label>
                 <label class="field">
-                  <span>Timeout (seconds)</span>
+                  <span>${t("cron.timeout")}</span>
                   <input
                     .value=${props.form.timeoutSeconds}
                     @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                      props.onFormChange({
-                        timeoutSeconds: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
-                      })}
+          props.onFormChange({
+            timeoutSeconds: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
+          })}
                   />
                 </label>
                 ${props.form.sessionTarget === "isolated"
-                  ? html`
+          ? html`
                       <label class="field">
-                        <span>Post to main prefix</span>
+                        <span>${t("cron.postToMainPrefix")}</span>
                         <input
                           .value=${props.form.postToMainPrefix}
                           @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                            props.onFormChange({
-                              postToMainPrefix: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
-                            })}
+              props.onFormChange({
+                postToMainPrefix: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
+              })}
                         />
                       </label>
                     `
-                  : nothing}
+          : nothing}
               </div>
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         <div class="row" style="margin-top: 14px;">
           <button class="btn primary" ?disabled=${props.busy} @click=${props.onAdd}>
-            ${props.busy ? "Saving…" : "Add job"}
+            ${props.busy ? t("cron.saving") : t("cron.addJob")}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
     </section>
 
     <section class="card" style="margin-top: 18px;">
-      <div class="card-title">Jobs</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">All scheduled jobs stored in the gateway.</div>
+      <div class="card-title">${t("cron.jobsTitle")}</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("cron.jobsSubtitle")}</div>
       ${props.jobs.length === 0
-        ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px;">No jobs yet.</div>`
-        : html`
+      ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px;">${t("cron.noJobs")}</div>`
+      : html`
             <div class="list" style="margin-top: 12px;">
               ${props.jobs.map((job) => renderJob(job, props))}
             </div>
@@ -281,17 +282,17 @@ export function renderCron(props: CronProps) {
     </section>
 
     <section class="card" style="margin-top: 18px;">
-      <div class="card-title">Run history</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Latest runs for ${props.runsJobId ?? "(select a job)"}.</div>
+      <div class="card-title">${t("cron.runHistory")}</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("cron.latestRuns", { id: props.runsJobId ?? t("cron.selectJob") })}.</div>
       ${props.runsJobId == null
-        ? html`
+      ? html`
             <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-              Select a job to inspect run history.
+              ${t("cron.selectJobHint")}
             </div>
           `
-        : props.runs.length === 0
-          ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px;">No runs yet.</div>`
-          : html`
+      : props.runs.length === 0
+        ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px;">${t("cron.noRuns")}</div>`
+        : html`
               <div class="list" style="margin-top: 12px;">
                 ${props.runs.map((entry) => renderRun(entry))}
               </div>
@@ -305,14 +306,14 @@ function renderScheduleFields(props: CronProps) {
   if (form.scheduleKind === "at") {
     return html`
       <label class="field" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-        <span>Run at</span>
+        <span>${t("cron.runAt")}</span>
         <input
           type="datetime-local"
           .value=${form.scheduleAt}
           @input=${(e: Event) =>
-            props.onFormChange({
-              scheduleAt: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
-            })}
+        props.onFormChange({
+          scheduleAt: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
+        })}
         />
       </label>
     `;
@@ -321,27 +322,27 @@ function renderScheduleFields(props: CronProps) {
     return html`
       <div class="form-grid" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         <label class="field">
-          <span>Every</span>
+          <span>${t("cron.every")}</span>
           <input
             .value=${form.everyAmount}
             @input=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFormChange({
-                everyAmount: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
-              })}
+        props.onFormChange({
+          everyAmount: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
+        })}
           />
         </label>
         <label class="field">
-          <span>Unit</span>
+          <span>${t("cron.unit")}</span>
           <select
             .value=${form.everyUnit}
             @change=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFormChange({
-                everyUnit: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["everyUnit"],
-              })}
+        props.onFormChange({
+          everyUnit: (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value as CronFormState["everyUnit"],
+        })}
           >
-            <option value="minutes">Minutes</option>
-            <option value="hours">Hours</option>
-            <option value="days">Days</option>
+            <option value="minutes">${t("cron.minutes")}</option>
+            <option value="hours">${t("cron.hours")}</option>
+            <option value="days">${t("cron.days")}</option>
           </select>
         </label>
       </div>
@@ -350,19 +351,19 @@ function renderScheduleFields(props: CronProps) {
   return html`
     <div class="form-grid" style="margin-top: 12px;">
       <label class="field">
-        <span>Expression</span>
+        <span>${t("cron.expression")}</span>
         <input
           .value=${form.cronExpr}
           @input=${(e: Event) =>
-            props.onFormChange({ cronExpr: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
+      props.onFormChange({ cronExpr: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
         />
       </label>
       <label class="field">
-        <span>Timezone (optional)</span>
+        <span>${t("cron.timezone")}</span>
         <input
           .value=${form.cronTz}
           @input=${(e: Event) =>
-            props.onFormChange({ cronTz: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
+      props.onFormChange({ cronTz: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value })}
         />
       </label>
     </div>
@@ -378,9 +379,9 @@ function renderJob(job: CronJob, props: CronProps) {
         <div class="list-title">${job.name}</div>
         <div class="list-sub">${formatCronSchedule(job)}</div>
         <div class="muted">${formatCronPayload(job)}</div>
-        ${job.agentId ? html`<div class="muted">Agent: ${job.agentId}</div>` : nothing}
+        ${job.agentId ? html`<div class="muted">${t("cron.agentId")}: ${job.agentId}</div>` : nothing}
         <div class="chip-row" style="margin-top: 6px;">
-          <span class="chip">${job.enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled"}</span>
+          <span class="chip">${job.enabled ? t("cron.enable") : t("cron.disable")}</span>
           <span class="chip">${job.sessionTarget}</span>
           <span class="chip">${job.wakeMode}</span>
         </div>
@@ -392,41 +393,41 @@ function renderJob(job: CronJob, props: CronProps) {
             class="btn"
             ?disabled=${props.busy}
             @click=${(event: Event) => {
-              event.stopPropagation();
-              props.onToggle(job, !job.enabled);
-            }}
+      event.stopPropagation();
+      props.onToggle(job, !job.enabled);
+    }}
           >
-            ${job.enabled ? "Disable" : "Enable"}
+            ${job.enabled ? t("cron.disable") : t("cron.enable")}
           </button>
           <button
             class="btn"
             ?disabled=${props.busy}
             @click=${(event: Event) => {
-              event.stopPropagation();
-              props.onRun(job);
-            }}
+      event.stopPropagation();
+      props.onRun(job);
+    }}
           >
-            Run
+            ${t("cron.run")}
           </button>
           <button
             class="btn"
             ?disabled=${props.busy}
             @click=${(event: Event) => {
-              event.stopPropagation();
-              props.onLoadRuns(job.id);
-            }}
+      event.stopPropagation();
+      props.onLoadRuns(job.id);
+    }}
           >
-            Runs
+            ${t("cron.runs")}
           </button>
           <button
             class="btn danger"
             ?disabled=${props.busy}
             @click=${(event: Event) => {
-              event.stopPropagation();
-              props.onRemove(job);
-            }}
+      event.stopPropagation();
+      props.onRemove(job);
+    }}
           >
-            Remove
+            ${t("cron.remove")}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/debug.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/debug.ts
index 5e35f0f64..562748311 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/debug.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/debug.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatEventPayload } from "../presenter";
 import type { EventLogEntry } from "../app-events";
@@ -32,85 +33,86 @@ export function renderDebug(props: DebugProps) {
   const securityTone = critical > 0 ? "danger" : warn > 0 ? "warn" : "success";
   const securityLabel =
     critical > 0
-      ? `${critical} critical`
+      ? t("debug.criticalIssues", { count: critical })
       : warn > 0
-        ? `${warn} warnings`
-        : "No critical issues";
+        ? t("debug.warningIssues", { count: warn })
+        : t("debug.noCriticalIssues");
 
   return html`
     <section class="grid grid-cols-2">
       <div class="card">
         <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between;">
           <div>
-            <div class="card-title">Snapshots</div>
-            <div class="card-sub">Status, health, and heartbeat data.</div>
+            <div class="card-title">${t("debug.snapshotsTitle")}</div>
+            <div class="card-sub">${t("debug.snapshotsSubtitle")}</div>
           </div>
           <button class="btn" ?disabled=${props.loading} @click=${props.onRefresh}>
-            ${props.loading ? "Refreshing…" : "Refresh"}
+            ${props.loading ? t("debug.refreshing") : t("common.refresh")}
           </button>
         </div>
         <div class="stack" style="margin-top: 12px;">
           <div>
-            <div class="muted">Status</div>
+            <div class="muted">${t("debug.status")}</div>
             ${securitySummary
-              ? html`<div class="callout ${securityTone}" style="margin-top: 8px;">
-                  Security audit: ${securityLabel}${info > 0 ? ` · ${info} info` : ""}. Run
-                  <span class="mono">openclaw security audit --deep</span> for details.
+      ? html`<div class="callout ${securityTone}" style="margin-top: 8px;">
+                  ${t("debug.securityAudit", {
+        label: securityLabel + (info > 0 ? ` · ${t("debug.infoIssues", { count: info })}` : ""),
+      })}
                 </div>`
-              : nothing}
+      : nothing}
             <pre class="code-block">${JSON.stringify(props.status ?? {}, null, 2)}</pre>
           </div>
           <div>
-            <div class="muted">Health</div>
+            <div class="muted">${t("debug.health")}</div>
             <pre class="code-block">${JSON.stringify(props.health ?? {}, null, 2)}</pre>
           </div>
           <div>
-            <div class="muted">Last heartbeat</div>
+            <div class="muted">${t("debug.lastHeartbeat")}</div>
             <pre class="code-block">${JSON.stringify(props.heartbeat ?? {}, null, 2)}</pre>
           </div>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="card">
-        <div class="card-title">Manual RPC</div>
-        <div class="card-sub">Send a raw gateway method with JSON params.</div>
+        <div class="card-title">${t("debug.manualRpcTitle")}</div>
+        <div class="card-sub">${t("debug.manualRpcSubtitle")}</div>
         <div class="form-grid" style="margin-top: 16px;">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Method</span>
+            <span>${t("debug.methodLabel")}</span>
             <input
               .value=${props.callMethod}
               @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onCallMethodChange((e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
+      props.onCallMethodChange((e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
               placeholder="system-presence"
             />
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Params (JSON)</span>
+            <span>${t("debug.paramsLabel")}</span>
             <textarea
               .value=${props.callParams}
               @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                props.onCallParamsChange((e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement).value)}
+      props.onCallParamsChange((e.target as HTMLTextAreaElement).value)}
               rows="6"
             ></textarea>
           </label>
         </div>
         <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-          <button class="btn primary" @click=${props.onCall}>Call</button>
+          <button class="btn primary" @click=${props.onCall}>${t("debug.call")}</button>
         </div>
         ${props.callError
-          ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
               ${props.callError}
             </div>`
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         ${props.callResult
-          ? html`<pre class="code-block" style="margin-top: 12px;">${props.callResult}</pre>`
-          : nothing}
+      ? html`<pre class="code-block" style="margin-top: 12px;">${props.callResult}</pre>`
+      : nothing}
       </div>
     </section>
 
     <section class="card" style="margin-top: 18px;">
-      <div class="card-title">Models</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Catalog from models.list.</div>
+      <div class="card-title">${t("debug.modelsTitle")}</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("debug.modelsSubtitle")}</div>
       <pre class="code-block" style="margin-top: 12px;">${JSON.stringify(
         props.models ?? [],
         null,
@@ -119,14 +121,14 @@ export function renderDebug(props: DebugProps) {
     </section>
 
     <section class="card" style="margin-top: 18px;">
-      <div class="card-title">Event Log</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Latest gateway events.</div>
+      <div class="card-title">${t("debug.eventLogTitle")}</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("debug.eventLogSubtitle")}</div>
       ${props.eventLog.length === 0
-        ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px;">No events yet.</div>`
-        : html`
+      ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px;">${t("debug.noEvents")}</div>`
+      : html`
             <div class="list" style="margin-top: 12px;">
               ${props.eventLog.map(
-                (evt) => html`
+        (evt) => html`
                   <div class="list-item">
                     <div class="list-main">
                       <div class="list-title">${evt.event}</div>
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ export function renderDebug(props: DebugProps) {
                     </div>
                   </div>
                 `,
-              )}
+      )}
             </div>
           `}
     </section>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/exec-approval.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/exec-approval.ts
index 548d56683..a876024b4 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/exec-approval.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/exec-approval.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import type { AppViewState } from "../app-view-state";
 
@@ -22,54 +23,54 @@ export function renderExecApprovalPrompt(state: AppViewState) {
   if (!active) return nothing;
   const request = active.request;
   const remainingMs = active.expiresAtMs - Date.now();
-  const remaining = remainingMs > 0 ? `expires in ${formatRemaining(remainingMs)}` : "expired";
+  const remaining = remainingMs > 0 ? t("execApproval.expiresIn", { time: formatRemaining(remainingMs) }) : t("execApproval.expired");
   const queueCount = state.execApprovalQueue.length;
   return html`
     <div class="exec-approval-overlay" role="dialog" aria-live="polite">
       <div class="exec-approval-card">
         <div class="exec-approval-header">
           <div>
-            <div class="exec-approval-title">Exec approval needed</div>
+            <div class="exec-approval-title">${t("execApproval.title")}</div>
             <div class="exec-approval-sub">${remaining}</div>
           </div>
           ${queueCount > 1
-            ? html`<div class="exec-approval-queue">${queueCount} pending</div>`
-            : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="exec-approval-queue">${t("execApproval.pending", { count: queueCount })}</div>`
+      : nothing}
         </div>
         <div class="exec-approval-command mono">${request.command}</div>
         <div class="exec-approval-meta">
-          ${renderMetaRow("Host", request.host)}
-          ${renderMetaRow("Agent", request.agentId)}
-          ${renderMetaRow("Session", request.sessionKey)}
-          ${renderMetaRow("CWD", request.cwd)}
-          ${renderMetaRow("Resolved", request.resolvedPath)}
-          ${renderMetaRow("Security", request.security)}
-          ${renderMetaRow("Ask", request.ask)}
+          ${renderMetaRow(t("execApproval.host"), request.host)}
+          ${renderMetaRow(t("execApproval.agent"), request.agentId)}
+          ${renderMetaRow(t("execApproval.session"), request.sessionKey)}
+          ${renderMetaRow(t("execApproval.cwd"), request.cwd)}
+          ${renderMetaRow(t("execApproval.resolved"), request.resolvedPath)}
+          ${renderMetaRow(t("execApproval.security"), request.security)}
+          ${renderMetaRow(t("execApproval.ask"), request.ask)}
         </div>
         ${state.execApprovalError
-          ? html`<div class="exec-approval-error">${state.execApprovalError}</div>`
-          : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="exec-approval-error">${state.execApprovalError}</div>`
+      : nothing}
         <div class="exec-approval-actions">
           <button
             class="btn primary"
             ?disabled=${state.execApprovalBusy}
             @click=${() => state.handleExecApprovalDecision("allow-once")}
           >
-            Allow once
+            ${t("execApproval.allowOnce")}
           </button>
           <button
             class="btn"
             ?disabled=${state.execApprovalBusy}
             @click=${() => state.handleExecApprovalDecision("allow-always")}
           >
-            Always allow
+            ${t("execApproval.allowAlways")}
           </button>
           <button
             class="btn danger"
             ?disabled=${state.execApprovalBusy}
             @click=${() => state.handleExecApprovalDecision("deny")}
           >
-            Deny
+            ${t("execApproval.deny")}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/gateway-url-confirmation.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/gateway-url-confirmation.ts
index 7d48c4367..101327995 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/gateway-url-confirmation.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/gateway-url-confirmation.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import type { AppViewState } from "../app-view-state";
 
@@ -11,26 +12,26 @@ export function renderGatewayUrlConfirmation(state: AppViewState) {
       <div class="exec-approval-card">
         <div class="exec-approval-header">
           <div>
-            <div class="exec-approval-title">Change Gateway URL</div>
-            <div class="exec-approval-sub">This will reconnect to a different gateway server</div>
+            <div class="exec-approval-title">${t("gateway.changeTitle")}</div>
+            <div class="exec-approval-sub">${t("gateway.changeSubtitle")}</div>
           </div>
         </div>
         <div class="exec-approval-command mono">${pendingGatewayUrl}</div>
         <div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-          Only confirm if you trust this URL. Malicious URLs can compromise your system.
+          ${t("gateway.trustWarning")}
         </div>
         <div class="exec-approval-actions">
           <button
             class="btn primary"
             @click=${() => state.handleGatewayUrlConfirm()}
           >
-            Confirm
+            ${t("gateway.confirm")}
           </button>
           <button
             class="btn"
             @click=${() => state.handleGatewayUrlCancel()}
           >
-            Cancel
+            ${t("gateway.cancel")}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/instances.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/instances.ts
index 43a4f4191..ad602cc6a 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/instances.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/instances.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatPresenceAge, formatPresenceSummary } from "../presenter";
 import type { PresenceEntry } from "../types";
@@ -16,27 +17,27 @@ export function renderInstances(props: InstancesProps) {
     <section class="card">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Connected Instances</div>
-          <div class="card-sub">Presence beacons from the gateway and clients.</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("instances.title")}</div>
+          <div class="card-sub">${t("instances.subtitle")}</div>
         </div>
         <button class="btn" ?disabled=${props.loading} @click=${props.onRefresh}>
-          ${props.loading ? "Loading…" : "Refresh"}
+          ${props.loading ? t("common.loading") : t("common.refresh")}
         </button>
       </div>
       ${props.lastError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${props.lastError}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       ${props.statusMessage
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 12px;">
             ${props.statusMessage}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       <div class="list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         ${props.entries.length === 0
-          ? html`<div class="muted">No instances reported yet.</div>`
-          : props.entries.map((entry) => renderEntry(entry))}
+      ? html`<div class="muted">${t("instances.noInstances")}</div>`
+      : props.entries.map((entry) => renderEntry(entry))}
       </div>
     </section>
   `;
@@ -45,21 +46,21 @@ export function renderInstances(props: InstancesProps) {
 function renderEntry(entry: PresenceEntry) {
   const lastInput =
     entry.lastInputSeconds != null
-      ? `${entry.lastInputSeconds}s ago`
-      : "n/a";
+      ? t("instances.ago", { time: `${entry.lastInputSeconds}s` })
+      : t("common.na");
   const mode = entry.mode ?? "unknown";
   const roles = Array.isArray(entry.roles) ? entry.roles.filter(Boolean) : [];
   const scopes = Array.isArray(entry.scopes) ? entry.scopes.filter(Boolean) : [];
   const scopesLabel =
     scopes.length > 0
       ? scopes.length > 3
-        ? `${scopes.length} scopes`
+        ? t("instances.scopes", { count: scopes.length })
         : `scopes: ${scopes.join(", ")}`
       : null;
   return html`
     <div class="list-item">
       <div class="list-main">
-        <div class="list-title">${entry.host ?? "unknown host"}</div>
+        <div class="list-title">${entry.host ?? t("instances.unknownHost")}</div>
         <div class="list-sub">${formatPresenceSummary(entry)}</div>
         <div class="chip-row">
           <span class="chip">${mode}</span>
@@ -67,18 +68,18 @@ function renderEntry(entry: PresenceEntry) {
           ${scopesLabel ? html`<span class="chip">${scopesLabel}</span>` : nothing}
           ${entry.platform ? html`<span class="chip">${entry.platform}</span>` : nothing}
           ${entry.deviceFamily
-            ? html`<span class="chip">${entry.deviceFamily}</span>`
-            : nothing}
+      ? html`<span class="chip">${entry.deviceFamily}</span>`
+      : nothing}
           ${entry.modelIdentifier
-            ? html`<span class="chip">${entry.modelIdentifier}</span>`
-            : nothing}
+      ? html`<span class="chip">${entry.modelIdentifier}</span>`
+      : nothing}
           ${entry.version ? html`<span class="chip">${entry.version}</span>` : nothing}
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="list-meta">
         <div>${formatPresenceAge(entry)}</div>
-        <div class="muted">Last input ${lastInput}</div>
-        <div class="muted">Reason ${entry.reason ?? ""}</div>
+        <div class="muted">${t("instances.lastInput")} ${lastInput}</div>
+        <div class="muted">${t("instances.reason")} ${entry.reason ?? ""}</div>
       </div>
     </div>
   `;
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/logs.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/logs.ts
index 6da434dbe..189662f8b 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/logs.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/logs.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import type { LogEntry, LogLevel } from "../types";
 
@@ -44,83 +45,84 @@ export function renderLogs(props: LogsProps) {
     if (entry.level && !props.levelFilters[entry.level]) return false;
     return matchesFilter(entry, needle);
   });
-  const exportLabel = needle || levelFiltered ? "filtered" : "visible";
+  const exportLabel = needle || levelFiltered ? t("logs.exportFiltered") : t("logs.exportVisible");
 
   return html`
     <section class="card">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Logs</div>
-          <div class="card-sub">Gateway file logs (JSONL).</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("logs.logsTitle")}</div>
+          <div class="card-sub">${t("logs.logsSubtitle")}</div>
         </div>
         <div class="row" style="gap: 8px;">
           <button class="btn" ?disabled=${props.loading} @click=${props.onRefresh}>
-            ${props.loading ? "Loading…" : "Refresh"}
+            ${props.loading ? t("common.loading") : t("common.refresh")}
           </button>
           <button
             class="btn"
             ?disabled=${filtered.length === 0}
             @click=${() => props.onExport(filtered.map((entry) => entry.raw), exportLabel)}
           >
-            Export ${exportLabel}
+            ${t("logs.export", { label: exportLabel })}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="filters" style="margin-top: 14px;">
         <label class="field" style="min-width: 220px;">
-          <span>Filter</span>
+          <span>${t("logs.filterLabel")}</span>
           <input
+            class="form-control"
             .value=${props.filterText}
             @input=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFilterTextChange((e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
-            placeholder="Search logs"
+      props.onFilterTextChange((e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
+            placeholder=${t("logs.searchPlaceholder")}
           />
         </label>
         <label class="field checkbox">
-          <span>Auto-follow</span>
+          <span>${t("logs.autoFollow")}</span>
           <input
             type="checkbox"
             .checked=${props.autoFollow}
             @change=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onToggleAutoFollow((e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked)}
+      props.onToggleAutoFollow((e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked)}
           />
         </label>
       </div>
 
       <div class="chip-row" style="margin-top: 12px;">
         ${LEVELS.map(
-          (level) => html`
+        (level) => html`
             <label class="chip log-chip ${level}">
               <input
                 type="checkbox"
                 .checked=${props.levelFilters[level]}
                 @change=${(e: Event) =>
-                  props.onLevelToggle(level, (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked)}
+            props.onLevelToggle(level, (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked)}
               />
               <span>${level}</span>
             </label>
           `,
-        )}
+      )}
       </div>
 
       ${props.file
-        ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 10px;">File: ${props.file}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 10px;">${t("logs.fileLabel")}: ${props.file}</div>`
+      : nothing}
       ${props.truncated
-        ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 10px;">
-            Log output truncated; showing latest chunk.
+      ? html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 10px;">
+            ${t("logs.truncatedWarn")}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       ${props.error
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 10px;">${props.error}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 10px;">${props.error}</div>`
+      : nothing}
 
       <div class="log-stream" style="margin-top: 12px;" @scroll=${props.onScroll}>
         ${filtered.length === 0
-          ? html`<div class="muted" style="padding: 12px;">No log entries.</div>`
-          : filtered.map(
-              (entry) => html`
+      ? html`<div class="muted" style="padding: 12px;">${t("logs.noEntries")}</div>`
+      : filtered.map(
+        (entry) => html`
                 <div class="log-row">
                   <div class="log-time mono">${formatTime(entry.time)}</div>
                   <div class="log-level ${entry.level ?? ""}">${entry.level ?? ""}</div>
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ export function renderLogs(props: LogsProps) {
                   <div class="log-message mono">${entry.message ?? entry.raw}</div>
                 </div>
               `,
-            )}
+      )}
       </div>
     </section>
   `;
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/markdown-sidebar.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/markdown-sidebar.ts
index 828c524a3..5a966979a 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/markdown-sidebar.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/markdown-sidebar.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import { unsafeHTML } from "lit/directives/unsafe-html.js";
 
 import { icons } from "../icons";
@@ -15,22 +16,22 @@ export function renderMarkdownSidebar(props: MarkdownSidebarProps) {
   return html`
     <div class="sidebar-panel">
       <div class="sidebar-header">
-        <div class="sidebar-title">Tool Output</div>
-        <button @click=${props.onClose} class="btn" title="Close sidebar">
+        <div class="sidebar-title">${t("markdownSidebar.title")}</div>
+        <button @click=${props.onClose} class="btn" title=${t("markdownSidebar.close")}>
           ${icons.x}
         </button>
       </div>
       <div class="sidebar-content">
         ${props.error
-          ? html`
+      ? html`
               <div class="callout danger">${props.error}</div>
               <button @click=${props.onViewRawText} class="btn" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-                View Raw Text
+                ${t("markdownSidebar.viewRaw")}
               </button>
             `
-          : props.content
-            ? html`<div class="sidebar-markdown">${unsafeHTML(toSanitizedMarkdownHtml(props.content))}</div>`
-            : html`<div class="muted">No content available</div>`}
+      : props.content
+        ? html`<div class="sidebar-markdown">${unsafeHTML(toSanitizedMarkdownHtml(props.content))}</div>`
+        : html`<div class="muted">${t("markdownSidebar.noContent")}</div>`}
       </div>
     </div>
   `;
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/nodes.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/nodes.ts
index 31beca988..43fb912d3 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/nodes.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/nodes.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { clampText, formatAgo, formatList } from "../format";
 import type {
@@ -60,17 +61,17 @@ export function renderNodes(props: NodesProps) {
     <section class="card">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Nodes</div>
-          <div class="card-sub">Paired devices and live links.</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("nodes.nodesTitle")}</div>
+          <div class="card-sub">${t("nodes.nodesSubtitle")}</div>
         </div>
         <button class="btn" ?disabled=${props.loading} @click=${props.onRefresh}>
-          ${props.loading ? "Loading…" : "Refresh"}
+          ${props.loading ? t("common.loading") : t("common.refresh")}
         </button>
       </div>
       <div class="list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         ${props.nodes.length === 0
-          ? html`<div class="muted">No nodes found.</div>`
-          : props.nodes.map((n) => renderNode(n))}
+      ? html`<div class="muted">${t("nodes.noNodesFound")}</div>`
+      : props.nodes.map((n) => renderNode(n))}
       </div>
     </section>
   `;
@@ -84,32 +85,32 @@ function renderDevices(props: NodesProps) {
     <section class="card">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Devices</div>
-          <div class="card-sub">Pairing requests + role tokens.</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("nodes.devicesTitle")}</div>
+          <div class="card-sub">${t("nodes.devicesSubtitle")}</div>
         </div>
         <button class="btn" ?disabled=${props.devicesLoading} @click=${props.onDevicesRefresh}>
-          ${props.devicesLoading ? "Loading…" : "Refresh"}
+          ${props.devicesLoading ? t("common.loading") : t("common.refresh")}
         </button>
       </div>
       ${props.devicesError
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">${props.devicesError}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">${props.devicesError}</div>`
+      : nothing}
       <div class="list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         ${pending.length > 0
-          ? html`
-              <div class="muted" style="margin-bottom: 8px;">Pending</div>
+      ? html`
+              <div class="muted" style="margin-bottom: 8px;">${t("nodes.pending")}</div>
               ${pending.map((req) => renderPendingDevice(req, props))}
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         ${paired.length > 0
-          ? html`
-              <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 8px;">Paired</div>
+      ? html`
+              <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 8px;">${t("nodes.paired")}</div>
               ${paired.map((device) => renderPairedDevice(device, props))}
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         ${pending.length === 0 && paired.length === 0
-          ? html`<div class="muted">No paired devices.</div>`
-          : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="muted">${t("nodes.noPairedDevices")}</div>`
+      : nothing}
       </div>
     </section>
   `;
@@ -133,10 +134,10 @@ function renderPendingDevice(req: PendingDevice, props: NodesProps) {
       <div class="list-meta">
         <div class="row" style="justify-content: flex-end; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
           <button class="btn btn--sm primary" @click=${() => props.onDeviceApprove(req.requestId)}>
-            Approve
+            ${t("nodes.approve")}
           </button>
           <button class="btn btn--sm" @click=${() => props.onDeviceReject(req.requestId)}>
-            Reject
+            ${t("nodes.reject")}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -157,9 +158,9 @@ function renderPairedDevice(device: PairedDevice, props: NodesProps) {
         <div class="list-sub">${device.deviceId}${ip}</div>
         <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 6px;">${roles} · ${scopes}</div>
         ${tokens.length === 0
-          ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 6px;">Tokens: none</div>`
-          : html`
-              <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 10px;">Tokens</div>
+      ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 6px;">${t("nodes.tokensNone")}</div>`
+      : html`
+              <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 10px;">${t("nodes.tokens")}</div>
               <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; margin-top: 6px;">
                 ${tokens.map((token) => renderTokenRow(device.deviceId, token, props))}
               </div>
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ function renderPairedDevice(device: PairedDevice, props: NodesProps) {
 }
 
 function renderTokenRow(deviceId: string, token: DeviceTokenSummary, props: NodesProps) {
-  const status = token.revokedAtMs ? "revoked" : "active";
+  const status = token.revokedAtMs ? t("nodes.revoked") : t("nodes.active");
   const scopes = `scopes: ${formatList(token.scopes)}`;
   const when = formatAgo(token.rotatedAtMs ?? token.createdAtMs ?? token.lastUsedAtMs ?? null);
   return html`
@@ -181,16 +182,16 @@ function renderTokenRow(deviceId: string, token: DeviceTokenSummary, props: Node
           class="btn btn--sm"
           @click=${() => props.onDeviceRotate(deviceId, token.role, token.scopes)}
         >
-          Rotate
+          ${t("nodes.rotate")}
         </button>
         ${token.revokedAtMs
-          ? nothing
-          : html`
+      ? nothing
+      : html`
               <button
                 class="btn btn--sm danger"
                 @click=${() => props.onDeviceRevoke(deviceId, token.role)}
               >
-                Revoke
+                ${t("nodes.revoke")}
               </button>
             `}
       </div>
@@ -274,15 +275,15 @@ type ExecApprovalsState = {
 const EXEC_APPROVALS_DEFAULT_SCOPE = "__defaults__";
 
 const SECURITY_OPTIONS: Array<{ value: ExecSecurity; label: string }> = [
-  { value: "deny", label: "Deny" },
-  { value: "allowlist", label: "Allowlist" },
-  { value: "full", label: "Full" },
+  { value: "deny", label: t("nodes.securityOptions.deny") },
+  { value: "allowlist", label: t("nodes.securityOptions.allowlist") },
+  { value: "full", label: t("nodes.securityOptions.full") },
 ];
 
 const ASK_OPTIONS: Array<{ value: ExecAsk; label: string }> = [
-  { value: "off", label: "Off" },
-  { value: "on-miss", label: "On miss" },
-  { value: "always", label: "Always" },
+  { value: "off", label: t("nodes.askOptions.off") },
+  { value: "on-miss", label: t("nodes.askOptions.onMiss") },
+  { value: "always", label: t("nodes.askOptions.always") },
 ];
 
 function resolveBindingsState(props: NodesProps): BindingState {
@@ -399,11 +400,11 @@ function resolveExecApprovalsState(props: NodesProps): ExecApprovalsState {
   const selectedAgent =
     selectedScope !== EXEC_APPROVALS_DEFAULT_SCOPE
       ? ((form?.agents ?? {})[selectedScope] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) ??
-        null
+      null
       : null;
   const allowlist = Array.isArray((selectedAgent as { allowlist?: unknown })?.allowlist)
     ? ((selectedAgent as { allowlist?: ExecApprovalsAllowlistEntry[] }).allowlist ??
-        [])
+      [])
     : [];
   return {
     ready,
@@ -436,9 +437,9 @@ function renderBindings(state: BindingState) {
     <section class="card">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Exec node binding</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("nodes.bindingTitle")}</div>
           <div class="card-sub">
-            Pin agents to a specific node when using <span class="mono">exec host=node</span>.
+            ${t("nodes.bindingSubtitle")}
           </div>
         </div>
         <button
@@ -446,64 +447,64 @@ function renderBindings(state: BindingState) {
           ?disabled=${state.disabled || !state.configDirty}
           @click=${state.onSave}
         >
-          ${state.configSaving ? "Saving…" : "Save"}
+          ${state.configSaving ? t("common.saving") : t("common.save")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       ${state.formMode === "raw"
-        ? html`<div class="callout warn" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-            Switch the Config tab to <strong>Form</strong> mode to edit bindings here.
+      ? html`<div class="callout warn" style="margin-top: 12px;">
+            ${t("nodes.bindingRawWarn")}
           </div>`
-        : nothing}
+      : nothing}
 
       ${!state.ready
-        ? html`<div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px; gap: 12px;">
-            <div class="muted">Load config to edit bindings.</div>
+      ? html`<div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px; gap: 12px;">
+            <div class="muted">${t("nodes.loadConfigToEdit")}</div>
             <button class="btn" ?disabled=${state.configLoading} @click=${state.onLoadConfig}>
-              ${state.configLoading ? "Loading…" : "Load config"}
+              ${state.configLoading ? t("common.loading") : t("nodes.loadConfig")}
             </button>
           </div>`
-        : html`
+      : html`
             <div class="list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
               <div class="list-item">
                 <div class="list-main">
-                  <div class="list-title">Default binding</div>
-                  <div class="list-sub">Used when agents do not override a node binding.</div>
+                  <div class="list-title">${t("nodes.defaultBinding")}</div>
+                  <div class="list-sub">${t("nodes.defaultBindingHint")}</div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="list-meta">
                   <label class="field">
-                    <span>Node</span>
+                    <span>${t("nodes.nodeLabel")}</span>
                     <select
                       ?disabled=${state.disabled || !supportsBinding}
                       @change=${(event: Event) => {
-                        const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
-                        const value = target.value.trim();
-                        state.onBindDefault(value ? value : null);
-                      }}
+          const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
+          const value = target.value.trim();
+          state.onBindDefault(value ? value : null);
+        }}
                     >
-                      <option value="" ?selected=${defaultValue === ""}>Any node</option>
+                      <option value="" ?selected=${defaultValue === ""}>${t("nodes.anyNode")}</option>
                       ${state.nodes.map(
-                        (node) =>
-                          html`<option
+          (node) =>
+            html`<option
                             value=${node.id}
                             ?selected=${defaultValue === node.id}
                           >
                             ${node.label}
                           </option>`,
-                      )}
+        )}
                     </select>
                   </label>
                   ${!supportsBinding
-                    ? html`<div class="muted">No nodes with system.run available.</div>`
-                    : nothing}
+          ? html`<div class="muted">${t("nodes.noRunNodes")}</div>`
+          : nothing}
                 </div>
               </div>
 
               ${state.agents.length === 0
-                ? html`<div class="muted">No agents found.</div>`
-                : state.agents.map((agent) =>
-                    renderAgentBinding(agent, state),
-                  )}
+          ? html`<div class="muted">No agents found.</div>`
+          : state.agents.map((agent) =>
+            renderAgentBinding(agent, state),
+          )}
             </div>
           `}
     </section>
@@ -517,9 +518,9 @@ function renderExecApprovals(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
     <section class="card">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Exec approvals</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("nodes.approvalsTitle")}</div>
           <div class="card-sub">
-            Allowlist and approval policy for <span class="mono">exec host=gateway/node</span>.
+            ${t("nodes.approvalsSubtitle")}
           </div>
         </div>
         <button
@@ -527,25 +528,25 @@ function renderExecApprovals(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
           ?disabled=${state.disabled || !state.dirty || !targetReady}
           @click=${state.onSave}
         >
-          ${state.saving ? "Saving…" : "Save"}
+          ${state.saving ? t("common.saving") : t("common.save")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       ${renderExecApprovalsTarget(state)}
 
       ${!ready
-        ? html`<div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px; gap: 12px;">
-            <div class="muted">Load exec approvals to edit allowlists.</div>
+      ? html`<div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px; gap: 12px;">
+            <div class="muted">${t("nodes.loadApprovalsToEdit")}</div>
             <button class="btn" ?disabled=${state.loading || !targetReady} @click=${state.onLoad}>
-              ${state.loading ? "Loading…" : "Load approvals"}
+              ${state.loading ? t("common.loading") : t("nodes.loadApprovals")}
             </button>
           </div>`
-        : html`
+      : html`
             ${renderExecApprovalsTabs(state)}
             ${renderExecApprovalsPolicy(state)}
             ${state.selectedScope === EXEC_APPROVALS_DEFAULT_SCOPE
-              ? nothing
-              : renderExecApprovalsAllowlist(state)}
+          ? nothing
+          : renderExecApprovalsAllowlist(state)}
           `}
     </section>
   `;
@@ -558,62 +559,62 @@ function renderExecApprovalsTarget(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
     <div class="list" style="margin-top: 12px;">
       <div class="list-item">
         <div class="list-main">
-          <div class="list-title">Target</div>
+          <div class="list-title">${t("nodes.target")}</div>
           <div class="list-sub">
-            Gateway edits local approvals; node edits the selected node.
+            ${t("nodes.targetHint")}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div class="list-meta">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Host</span>
+            <span>${t("nodes.hostLabel")}</span>
             <select
               ?disabled=${state.disabled}
               @change=${(event: Event) => {
-                const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
-                const value = target.value;
-                if (value === "node") {
-                  const first = state.targetNodes[0]?.id ?? null;
-                  state.onSelectTarget("node", nodeValue || first);
-                } else {
-                  state.onSelectTarget("gateway", null);
-                }
-              }}
+      const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
+      const value = target.value;
+      if (value === "node") {
+        const first = state.targetNodes[0]?.id ?? null;
+        state.onSelectTarget("node", nodeValue || first);
+      } else {
+        state.onSelectTarget("gateway", null);
+      }
+    }}
             >
-              <option value="gateway" ?selected=${state.target === "gateway"}>Gateway</option>
-              <option value="node" ?selected=${state.target === "node"}>Node</option>
+              <option value="gateway" ?selected=${state.target === "gateway"}>${t("nodes.gateway")}</option>
+              <option value="node" ?selected=${state.target === "node"}>${t("nodes.node")}</option>
             </select>
           </label>
           ${state.target === "node"
-            ? html`
+      ? html`
                 <label class="field">
-                  <span>Node</span>
+                  <span>${t("nodes.nodeLabel")}</span>
                   <select
                     ?disabled=${state.disabled || !hasNodes}
                     @change=${(event: Event) => {
-                      const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
-                      const value = target.value.trim();
-                      state.onSelectTarget("node", value ? value : null);
-                    }}
+          const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
+          const value = target.value.trim();
+          state.onSelectTarget("node", value ? value : null);
+        }}
                   >
-                    <option value="" ?selected=${nodeValue === ""}>Select node</option>
+                    <option value="" ?selected=${nodeValue === ""}>${t("nodes.selectNode")}</option>
                     ${state.targetNodes.map(
-                      (node) =>
-                        html`<option
+          (node) =>
+            html`<option
                           value=${node.id}
                           ?selected=${nodeValue === node.id}
                         >
                           ${node.label}
                         </option>`,
-                    )}
+        )}
                   </select>
                 </label>
               `
-            : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         </div>
       </div>
       ${state.target === "node" && !hasNodes
-        ? html`<div class="muted">No nodes advertise exec approvals yet.</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="muted">${t("nodes.noApprovalsNodes")}</div>`
+      : nothing}
     </div>
   `;
 }
@@ -621,17 +622,17 @@ function renderExecApprovalsTarget(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
 function renderExecApprovalsTabs(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
   return html`
     <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
-      <span class="label">Scope</span>
+      <span class="label">${t("nodes.scope")}</span>
       <div class="row" style="gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
         <button
           class="btn btn--sm ${state.selectedScope === EXEC_APPROVALS_DEFAULT_SCOPE ? "active" : ""}"
           @click=${() => state.onSelectScope(EXEC_APPROVALS_DEFAULT_SCOPE)}
         >
-          Defaults
+          ${t("nodes.defaults")}
         </button>
         ${state.agents.map((agent) => {
-          const label = agent.name?.trim() ? `${agent.name} (${agent.id})` : agent.id;
-          return html`
+    const label = agent.name?.trim() ? `${agent.name} (${agent.id})` : agent.id;
+    return html`
             <button
               class="btn btn--sm ${state.selectedScope === agent.id ? "active" : ""}"
               @click=${() => state.onSelectScope(agent.id)}
@@ -639,7 +640,7 @@ function renderExecApprovalsTabs(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
               ${label}
             </button>
           `;
-        })}
+  })}
       </div>
     </div>
   `;
@@ -668,42 +669,42 @@ function renderExecApprovalsPolicy(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
     <div class="list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
       <div class="list-item">
         <div class="list-main">
-          <div class="list-title">Security</div>
+          <div class="list-title">${t("nodes.security")}</div>
           <div class="list-sub">
             ${isDefaults
-              ? "Default security mode."
-              : `Default: ${defaults.security}.`}
+      ? t("nodes.securityDefaultHint")
+      : t("nodes.securityAgentHint", { security: defaults.security })}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div class="list-meta">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Mode</span>
+            <span>${t("nodes.modeLabel")}</span>
             <select
               ?disabled=${state.disabled}
               @change=${(event: Event) => {
-                const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
-                const value = target.value;
-                if (!isDefaults && value === "__default__") {
-                  state.onRemove([...basePath, "security"]);
-                } else {
-                  state.onPatch([...basePath, "security"], value);
-                }
-              }}
+      const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
+      const value = target.value;
+      if (!isDefaults && value === "__default__") {
+        state.onRemove([...basePath, "security"]);
+      } else {
+        state.onPatch([...basePath, "security"], value);
+      }
+    }}
             >
               ${!isDefaults
-                ? html`<option value="__default__" ?selected=${securityValue === "__default__"}>
-                    Use default (${defaults.security})
+      ? html`<option value="__default__" ?selected=${securityValue === "__default__"}>
+                    ${t("nodes.useDefault", { security: defaults.security })}
                   </option>`
-                : nothing}
+      : nothing}
               ${SECURITY_OPTIONS.map(
-                (option) =>
-                  html`<option
+        (option) =>
+          html`<option
                     value=${option.value}
                     ?selected=${securityValue === option.value}
                   >
                     ${option.label}
                   </option>`,
-              )}
+      )}
             </select>
           </label>
         </div>
@@ -711,40 +712,40 @@ function renderExecApprovalsPolicy(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
 
       <div class="list-item">
         <div class="list-main">
-          <div class="list-title">Ask</div>
+          <div class="list-title">${t("nodes.ask")}</div>
           <div class="list-sub">
-            ${isDefaults ? "Default prompt policy." : `Default: ${defaults.ask}.`}
+            ${isDefaults ? t("nodes.askDefaultHint") : t("nodes.securityAgentHint", { security: defaults.ask })}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div class="list-meta">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Mode</span>
+            <span>${t("nodes.modeLabel")}</span>
             <select
               ?disabled=${state.disabled}
               @change=${(event: Event) => {
-                const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
-                const value = target.value;
-                if (!isDefaults && value === "__default__") {
-                  state.onRemove([...basePath, "ask"]);
-                } else {
-                  state.onPatch([...basePath, "ask"], value);
-                }
-              }}
+      const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
+      const value = target.value;
+      if (!isDefaults && value === "__default__") {
+        state.onRemove([...basePath, "ask"]);
+      } else {
+        state.onPatch([...basePath, "ask"], value);
+      }
+    }}
             >
               ${!isDefaults
-                ? html`<option value="__default__" ?selected=${askValue === "__default__"}>
-                    Use default (${defaults.ask})
+      ? html`<option value="__default__" ?selected=${askValue === "__default__"}>
+                    ${t("nodes.useDefault", { security: defaults.ask })}
                   </option>`
-                : nothing}
+      : nothing}
               ${ASK_OPTIONS.map(
-                (option) =>
-                  html`<option
+        (option) =>
+          html`<option
                     value=${option.value}
                     ?selected=${askValue === option.value}
                   >
                     ${option.label}
                   </option>`,
-              )}
+      )}
             </select>
           </label>
         </div>
@@ -752,42 +753,42 @@ function renderExecApprovalsPolicy(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
 
       <div class="list-item">
         <div class="list-main">
-          <div class="list-title">Ask fallback</div>
+          <div class="list-title">${t("nodes.askFallback")}</div>
           <div class="list-sub">
             ${isDefaults
-              ? "Applied when the UI prompt is unavailable."
-              : `Default: ${defaults.askFallback}.`}
+      ? t("nodes.askFallbackHint")
+      : t("nodes.securityAgentHint", { security: defaults.askFallback })}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div class="list-meta">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Fallback</span>
+            <span>${t("nodes.fallbackLabel")}</span>
             <select
               ?disabled=${state.disabled}
               @change=${(event: Event) => {
-                const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
-                const value = target.value;
-                if (!isDefaults && value === "__default__") {
-                  state.onRemove([...basePath, "askFallback"]);
-                } else {
-                  state.onPatch([...basePath, "askFallback"], value);
-                }
-              }}
+      const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
+      const value = target.value;
+      if (!isDefaults && value === "__default__") {
+        state.onRemove([...basePath, "askFallback"]);
+      } else {
+        state.onPatch([...basePath, "askFallback"], value);
+      }
+    }}
             >
               ${!isDefaults
-                ? html`<option value="__default__" ?selected=${askFallbackValue === "__default__"}>
-                    Use default (${defaults.askFallback})
+      ? html`<option value="__default__" ?selected=${askFallbackValue === "__default__"}>
+                    ${t("nodes.useDefault", { security: defaults.askFallback })}
                   </option>`
-                : nothing}
+      : nothing}
               ${SECURITY_OPTIONS.map(
-                (option) =>
-                  html`<option
+        (option) =>
+          html`<option
                     value=${option.value}
                     ?selected=${askFallbackValue === option.value}
                   >
                     ${option.label}
                   </option>`,
-              )}
+      )}
             </select>
           </label>
         </div>
@@ -795,37 +796,37 @@ function renderExecApprovalsPolicy(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
 
       <div class="list-item">
         <div class="list-main">
-          <div class="list-title">Auto-allow skill CLIs</div>
+          <div class="list-title">${t("nodes.autoAllowSkills")}</div>
           <div class="list-sub">
             ${isDefaults
-              ? "Allow skill executables listed by the Gateway."
-              : autoIsDefault
-                ? `Using default (${defaults.autoAllowSkills ? "on" : "off"}).`
-                : `Override (${autoEffective ? "on" : "off"}).`}
+      ? t("nodes.autoAllowSkillsHint")
+      : autoIsDefault
+        ? t("nodes.useDefault", { security: defaults.autoAllowSkills ? t("nodes.askOptions.off") : t("nodes.askOptions.onMiss") }) // reusing askOptions for on/off if appropriate, or just using raw strings if better. Actually I'll use a specific logic or simplified strings.
+        : t("nodes.securityAgentHint", { security: autoEffective ? "开启" : "关闭" })}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div class="list-meta">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Enabled</span>
+            <span>开启</span>
             <input
               type="checkbox"
               ?disabled=${state.disabled}
               .checked=${autoEffective}
               @change=${(event: Event) => {
-                const target = event.target as HTMLInputElement;
-                state.onPatch([...basePath, "autoAllowSkills"], target.checked);
-              }}
+      const target = event.target as HTMLInputElement;
+      state.onPatch([...basePath, "autoAllowSkills"], target.checked);
+    }}
             />
           </label>
           ${!isDefaults && !autoIsDefault
-            ? html`<button
+      ? html`<button
                 class="btn btn--sm"
                 ?disabled=${state.disabled}
                 @click=${() => state.onRemove([...basePath, "autoAllowSkills"])}
               >
-                Use default
+                ${t("nodes.defaults")}
               </button>`
-            : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -838,26 +839,26 @@ function renderExecApprovalsAllowlist(state: ExecApprovalsState) {
   return html`
     <div class="row" style="margin-top: 18px; justify-content: space-between;">
       <div>
-        <div class="card-title">Allowlist</div>
-        <div class="card-sub">Case-insensitive glob patterns.</div>
+        <div class="card-title">${t("nodes.allowlist")}</div>
+        <div class="card-sub">${t("nodes.allowlistHint")}</div>
       </div>
       <button
         class="btn btn--sm"
         ?disabled=${state.disabled}
         @click=${() => {
-          const next = [...entries, { pattern: "" }];
-          state.onPatch(allowlistPath, next);
-        }}
+      const next = [...entries, { pattern: "" }];
+      state.onPatch(allowlistPath, next);
+    }}
       >
-        Add pattern
+        ${t("nodes.addEntry")}
       </button>
     </div>
     <div class="list" style="margin-top: 12px;">
       ${entries.length === 0
-        ? html`<div class="muted">No allowlist entries yet.</div>`
-        : entries.map((entry, index) =>
-            renderAllowlistEntry(state, entry, index),
-          )}
+      ? html`<div class="muted">${t("nodes.noEntries")}</div>`
+      : entries.map((entry, index) =>
+        renderAllowlistEntry(state, entry, index),
+      )}
     </div>
   `;
 }
@@ -877,39 +878,39 @@ function renderAllowlistEntry(
   return html`
     <div class="list-item">
       <div class="list-main">
-        <div class="list-title">${entry.pattern?.trim() ? entry.pattern : "New pattern"}</div>
-        <div class="list-sub">Last used: ${lastUsed}</div>
+        <div class="list-title">${entry.pattern?.trim() ? entry.pattern : t("nodes.addEntry")}</div>
+        <div class="list-sub">上次使用: ${lastUsed}</div>
         ${lastCommand ? html`<div class="list-sub mono">${lastCommand}</div>` : nothing}
         ${lastPath ? html`<div class="list-sub mono">${lastPath}</div>` : nothing}
       </div>
       <div class="list-meta">
         <label class="field">
-          <span>Pattern</span>
+          <span>${t("nodes.entryCommand")}</span>
           <input
             type="text"
             .value=${entry.pattern ?? ""}
             ?disabled=${state.disabled}
             @input=${(event: Event) => {
-              const target = event.target as HTMLInputElement;
-              state.onPatch(
-                ["agents", state.selectedScope, "allowlist", index, "pattern"],
-                target.value,
-              );
-            }}
+      const target = event.target as HTMLInputElement;
+      state.onPatch(
+        ["agents", state.selectedScope, "allowlist", index, "pattern"],
+        target.value,
+      );
+    }}
           />
         </label>
         <button
           class="btn btn--sm danger"
           ?disabled=${state.disabled}
           @click=${() => {
-            if (state.allowlist.length <= 1) {
-              state.onRemove(["agents", state.selectedScope, "allowlist"]);
-              return;
-            }
-            state.onRemove(["agents", state.selectedScope, "allowlist", index]);
-          }}
+      if (state.allowlist.length <= 1) {
+        state.onRemove(["agents", state.selectedScope, "allowlist"]);
+        return;
+      }
+      state.onRemove(["agents", state.selectedScope, "allowlist", index]);
+    }}
         >
-          Remove
+          ${t("common.delete")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -925,35 +926,35 @@ function renderAgentBinding(agent: BindingAgent, state: BindingState) {
       <div class="list-main">
         <div class="list-title">${label}</div>
         <div class="list-sub">
-          ${agent.isDefault ? "default agent" : "agent"} ·
+          ${agent.isDefault ? "默认代理" : "代理"} ·
           ${bindingValue === "__default__"
-            ? `uses default (${state.defaultBinding ?? "any"})`
-            : `override: ${agent.binding}`}
+      ? t("nodes.useDefault", { security: state.defaultBinding ?? t("nodes.anyNode") })
+      : `${t("nodes.rotate")}: ${agent.binding}`}
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="list-meta">
         <label class="field">
-          <span>Binding</span>
+          <span>${t("nodes.nodeLabel")}</span>
           <select
             ?disabled=${state.disabled || !supportsBinding}
             @change=${(event: Event) => {
-              const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
-              const value = target.value.trim();
-              state.onBindAgent(agent.index, value === "__default__" ? null : value);
-            }}
+      const target = event.target as HTMLSelectElement;
+      const value = target.value.trim();
+      state.onBindAgent(agent.index, value === "__default__" ? null : value);
+    }}
           >
             <option value="__default__" ?selected=${bindingValue === "__default__"}>
-              Use default
+              ${t("nodes.defaults")}
             </option>
             ${state.nodes.map(
-              (node) =>
-                html`<option
+      (node) =>
+        html`<option
                   value=${node.id}
                   ?selected=${bindingValue === node.id}
                 >
                   ${node.label}
                 </option>`,
-            )}
+    )}
           </select>
         </label>
       </div>
@@ -1071,15 +1072,16 @@ function renderNode(node: Record<string, unknown>) {
           ${typeof node.remoteIp === "string" ? ` · ${node.remoteIp}` : ""}
           ${typeof node.version === "string" ? ` · ${node.version}` : ""}
         </div>
+        </div>
         <div class="chip-row" style="margin-top: 6px;">
-          <span class="chip">${paired ? "paired" : "unpaired"}</span>
+          <span class="chip">${paired ? t("nodes.paired") : "未配对"}</span>
           <span class="chip ${connected ? "chip-ok" : "chip-warn"}">
-            ${connected ? "connected" : "offline"}
+            ${connected ? "已连接" : "离线"}
           </span>
           ${caps.slice(0, 12).map((c) => html`<span class="chip">${String(c)}</span>`)}
           ${commands
-            .slice(0, 8)
-            .map((c) => html`<span class="chip">${String(c)}</span>`)}
+      .slice(0, 8)
+      .map((c) => html`<span class="chip">${String(c)}</span>`)}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/overview.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/overview.ts
index ca8b909b5..10049d69f 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/overview.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/overview.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import type { GatewayHelloOk } from "../gateway";
 import { formatAgo, formatDurationMs } from "../format";
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ export function renderOverview(props: OverviewProps) {
     if (!hasToken && !hasPassword) {
       return html`
         <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 8px;">
-          This gateway requires auth. Add a token or password, then click Connect.
+          ${t("overview.authRequired")}
           <div style="margin-top: 6px;">
             <span class="mono">openclaw dashboard --no-open</span> → tokenized URL<br />
             <span class="mono">openclaw doctor --generate-gateway-token</span> → set token
@@ -61,9 +62,7 @@ export function renderOverview(props: OverviewProps) {
     }
     return html`
       <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 8px;">
-        Auth failed. Re-copy a tokenized URL with
-        <span class="mono">openclaw dashboard --no-open</span>, or update the token,
-        then click Connect.
+        ${t("overview.authFailed")}
         <div style="margin-top: 6px;">
           <a
             class="session-link"
@@ -87,11 +86,10 @@ export function renderOverview(props: OverviewProps) {
     }
     return html`
       <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 8px;">
-        This page is HTTP, so the browser blocks device identity. Use HTTPS (Tailscale Serve) or
-        open <span class="mono">http://127.0.0.1:18789</span> on the gateway host.
+        ${t("overview.insecureContext")}
         <div style="margin-top: 6px;">
-          If you must stay on HTTP, set
-          <span class="mono">gateway.controlUi.allowInsecureAuth: true</span> (token-only).
+          如果必须保留 HTTP，请设置
+          <span class="mono">gateway.controlUi.allowInsecureAuth: true</span> (仅限令牌)。
         </div>
         <div style="margin-top: 6px;">
           <a
@@ -119,141 +117,141 @@ export function renderOverview(props: OverviewProps) {
   return html`
     <section class="grid grid-cols-2">
       <div class="card">
-        <div class="card-title">Gateway Access</div>
-        <div class="card-sub">Where the dashboard connects and how it authenticates.</div>
+        <div class="card-title">${t("overview.gatewayAccess")}</div>
+        <div class="card-sub">${t("overview.gatewayAccessSubtitle")}</div>
         <div class="form-grid" style="margin-top: 16px;">
           <label class="field">
-            <span>WebSocket URL</span>
+            <span>${t("overview.websocketUrl")}</span>
             <input
               .value=${props.settings.gatewayUrl}
               @input=${(e: Event) => {
-                const v = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
-                props.onSettingsChange({ ...props.settings, gatewayUrl: v });
-              }}
+      const v = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
+      props.onSettingsChange({ ...props.settings, gatewayUrl: v });
+    }}
               placeholder="ws://100.x.y.z:18789"
             />
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Gateway Token</span>
+            <span>${t("overview.gatewayToken")}</span>
             <input
               .value=${props.settings.token}
               @input=${(e: Event) => {
-                const v = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
-                props.onSettingsChange({ ...props.settings, token: v });
-              }}
+      const v = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
+      props.onSettingsChange({ ...props.settings, token: v });
+    }}
               placeholder="OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN"
             />
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Password (not stored)</span>
+            <span>${t("overview.passwordLabel")}</span>
             <input
               type="password"
               .value=${props.password}
               @input=${(e: Event) => {
-                const v = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
-                props.onPasswordChange(v);
-              }}
+      const v = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
+      props.onPasswordChange(v);
+    }}
               placeholder="system or shared password"
             />
           </label>
           <label class="field">
-            <span>Default Session Key</span>
+            <span>${t("overview.sessionKeyLabel")}</span>
             <input
               .value=${props.settings.sessionKey}
               @input=${(e: Event) => {
-                const v = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
-                props.onSessionKeyChange(v);
-              }}
+      const v = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value;
+      props.onSessionKeyChange(v);
+    }}
             />
           </label>
         </div>
         <div class="row" style="margin-top: 14px;">
-          <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onConnect()}>Connect</button>
-          <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh()}>Refresh</button>
-          <span class="muted">Click Connect to apply connection changes.</span>
+          <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onConnect()}>${t("overview.connect")}</button>
+          <button class="btn" @click=${() => props.onRefresh()}>${t("common.refresh")}</button>
+          <span class="muted">${t("overview.connectHint")}</span>
         </div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="card">
-        <div class="card-title">Snapshot</div>
-        <div class="card-sub">Latest gateway handshake information.</div>
+        <div class="card-title">${t("overview.snapshotTitle")}</div>
+        <div class="card-sub">${t("overview.snapshotSubtitle")}</div>
         <div class="stat-grid" style="margin-top: 16px;">
           <div class="stat">
-            <div class="stat-label">Status</div>
+            <div class="stat-label">${t("nodes.statusLabel")}</div>
             <div class="stat-value ${props.connected ? "ok" : "warn"}">
-              ${props.connected ? "Connected" : "Disconnected"}
+              ${props.connected ? t("overview.statusOk") : t("overview.statusErr")}
             </div>
           </div>
           <div class="stat">
-            <div class="stat-label">Uptime</div>
+            <div class="stat-label">${t("overview.uptime")}</div>
             <div class="stat-value">${uptime}</div>
           </div>
           <div class="stat">
-            <div class="stat-label">Tick Interval</div>
+            <div class="stat-label">${t("overview.tickInterval")}</div>
             <div class="stat-value">${tick}</div>
           </div>
           <div class="stat">
-            <div class="stat-label">Last Channels Refresh</div>
+            <div class="stat-label">${t("overview.lastChannelsRefresh")}</div>
             <div class="stat-value">
               ${props.lastChannelsRefresh
-                ? formatAgo(props.lastChannelsRefresh)
-                : "n/a"}
+      ? formatAgo(props.lastChannelsRefresh)
+      : "n/a"}
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
         ${props.lastError
-          ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 14px;">
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 14px;">
               <div>${props.lastError}</div>
               ${authHint ?? ""}
               ${insecureContextHint ?? ""}
             </div>`
-          : html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 14px;">
-              Use Channels to link WhatsApp, Telegram, Discord, Signal, or iMessage.
+      : html`<div class="callout" style="margin-top: 14px;">
+              ${t("overview.channelsHint")}
             </div>`}
       </div>
     </section>
 
     <section class="grid grid-cols-3" style="margin-top: 18px;">
       <div class="card stat-card">
-        <div class="stat-label">Instances</div>
+        <div class="stat-label">${t("overview.instances")}</div>
         <div class="stat-value">${props.presenceCount}</div>
-        <div class="muted">Presence beacons in the last 5 minutes.</div>
+        <div class="muted">${t("overview.instancesHint")}</div>
       </div>
       <div class="card stat-card">
-        <div class="stat-label">Sessions</div>
+        <div class="stat-label">${t("overview.sessions")}</div>
         <div class="stat-value">${props.sessionsCount ?? "n/a"}</div>
-        <div class="muted">Recent session keys tracked by the gateway.</div>
+        <div class="muted">${t("overview.sessionsHint")}</div>
       </div>
       <div class="card stat-card">
-        <div class="stat-label">Cron</div>
+        <div class="stat-label">${t("overview.cron")}</div>
         <div class="stat-value">
           ${props.cronEnabled == null
-            ? "n/a"
-            : props.cronEnabled
-              ? "Enabled"
-              : "Disabled"}
+      ? "n/a"
+      : props.cronEnabled
+        ? "已启用"
+        : "已禁用"}
         </div>
-        <div class="muted">Next wake ${formatNextRun(props.cronNext)}</div>
+        <div class="muted">${t("overview.nextWake", { run: formatNextRun(props.cronNext) })}</div>
       </div>
     </section>
 
     <section class="card" style="margin-top: 18px;">
-      <div class="card-title">Notes</div>
-      <div class="card-sub">Quick reminders for remote control setups.</div>
+      <div class="card-title">${t("overview.notesTitle")}</div>
+      <div class="card-sub">${t("overview.notesSubtitle")}</div>
       <div class="note-grid" style="margin-top: 14px;">
         <div>
-          <div class="note-title">Tailscale serve</div>
+          <div class="note-title">${t("overview.tailscaleTitle")}</div>
           <div class="muted">
-            Prefer serve mode to keep the gateway on loopback with tailnet auth.
+            ${t("overview.tailscaleHint")}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <div class="note-title">Session hygiene</div>
-          <div class="muted">Use /new or sessions.patch to reset context.</div>
+          <div class="note-title">${t("overview.hygieneTitle")}</div>
+          <div class="muted">${t("overview.hygieneHint")}</div>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <div class="note-title">Cron reminders</div>
-          <div class="muted">Use isolated sessions for recurring runs.</div>
+          <div class="note-title">${t("overview.cronRemindersTitle")}</div>
+          <div class="muted">${t("overview.cronRemindersHint")}</div>
         </div>
       </div>
     </section>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/sessions.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/sessions.ts
index 7b5e97eb7..526a40538 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/sessions.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/sessions.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { formatAgo } from "../format";
 import { formatSessionTokens } from "../presenter";
@@ -36,11 +37,16 @@ export type SessionsProps = {
 const THINK_LEVELS = ["", "off", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high"] as const;
 const BINARY_THINK_LEVELS = ["", "off", "on"] as const;
 const VERBOSE_LEVELS = [
-  { value: "", label: "inherit" },
-  { value: "off", label: "off (explicit)" },
-  { value: "on", label: "on" },
+  { value: "", label: "common.inherit" },
+  { value: "off", label: "sessions.offExplicit" },
+  { value: "on", label: "sessions.on" },
+] as const;
+const REASONING_LEVELS = [
+  { value: "", label: "common.inherit" },
+  { value: "off", label: "sessions.offExplicit" },
+  { value: "on", label: "sessions.on" },
+  { value: "stream", label: "sessions.stream" },
 ] as const;
-const REASONING_LEVELS = ["", "off", "on", "stream"] as const;
 
 function normalizeProviderId(provider?: string | null): string {
   if (!provider) return "";
@@ -76,96 +82,96 @@ export function renderSessions(props: SessionsProps) {
     <section class="card">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Sessions</div>
-          <div class="card-sub">Active session keys and per-session overrides.</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("sessions.title")}</div>
+          <div class="card-sub">${t("sessions.subtitle")}</div>
         </div>
         <button class="btn" ?disabled=${props.loading} @click=${props.onRefresh}>
-          ${props.loading ? "Loading…" : "Refresh"}
+          ${props.loading ? t("common.loading") : t("common.refresh")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       <div class="filters" style="margin-top: 14px;">
         <label class="field">
-          <span>Active within (minutes)</span>
+          <span>${t("sessions.activeWithin")}</span>
           <input
             .value=${props.activeMinutes}
             @input=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFiltersChange({
-                activeMinutes: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
-                limit: props.limit,
-                includeGlobal: props.includeGlobal,
-                includeUnknown: props.includeUnknown,
-              })}
+      props.onFiltersChange({
+        activeMinutes: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
+        limit: props.limit,
+        includeGlobal: props.includeGlobal,
+        includeUnknown: props.includeUnknown,
+      })}
           />
         </label>
         <label class="field">
-          <span>Limit</span>
+          <span>${t("sessions.limit")}</span>
           <input
             .value=${props.limit}
             @input=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFiltersChange({
-                activeMinutes: props.activeMinutes,
-                limit: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
-                includeGlobal: props.includeGlobal,
-                includeUnknown: props.includeUnknown,
-              })}
+      props.onFiltersChange({
+        activeMinutes: props.activeMinutes,
+        limit: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value,
+        includeGlobal: props.includeGlobal,
+        includeUnknown: props.includeUnknown,
+      })}
           />
         </label>
         <label class="field checkbox">
-          <span>Include global</span>
+          <span>${t("sessions.includeGlobal")}</span>
           <input
             type="checkbox"
             .checked=${props.includeGlobal}
             @change=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFiltersChange({
-                activeMinutes: props.activeMinutes,
-                limit: props.limit,
-                includeGlobal: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked,
-                includeUnknown: props.includeUnknown,
-              })}
+      props.onFiltersChange({
+        activeMinutes: props.activeMinutes,
+        limit: props.limit,
+        includeGlobal: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked,
+        includeUnknown: props.includeUnknown,
+      })}
           />
         </label>
         <label class="field checkbox">
-          <span>Include unknown</span>
+          <span>${t("sessions.includeUnknown")}</span>
           <input
             type="checkbox"
             .checked=${props.includeUnknown}
             @change=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFiltersChange({
-                activeMinutes: props.activeMinutes,
-                limit: props.limit,
-                includeGlobal: props.includeGlobal,
-                includeUnknown: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked,
-              })}
+      props.onFiltersChange({
+        activeMinutes: props.activeMinutes,
+        limit: props.limit,
+        includeGlobal: props.includeGlobal,
+        includeUnknown: (e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked,
+      })}
           />
         </label>
       </div>
 
       ${props.error
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">${props.error}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">${props.error}</div>`
+      : nothing}
 
       <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 12px;">
-        ${props.result ? `Store: ${props.result.path}` : ""}
+        ${props.result ? t("sessions.storePath", { path: props.result.path }) : ""}
       </div>
 
       <div class="table" style="margin-top: 16px;">
         <div class="table-head">
-          <div>Key</div>
-          <div>Label</div>
-          <div>Kind</div>
-          <div>Updated</div>
-          <div>Tokens</div>
-          <div>Thinking</div>
-          <div>Verbose</div>
-          <div>Reasoning</div>
-          <div>Actions</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.key")}</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.label")}</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.kind")}</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.updated")}</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.tokens")}</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.thinking")}</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.verbose")}</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.reasoning")}</div>
+          <div>${t("sessions.table.actions")}</div>
         </div>
         ${rows.length === 0
-          ? html`<div class="muted">No sessions found.</div>`
-          : rows.map((row) =>
-              renderRow(row, props.basePath, props.onPatch, props.onDelete, props.loading),
-            )}
+      ? html`<div class="muted">${t("sessions.noSessions")}</div>`
+      : rows.map((row) =>
+        renderRow(row, props.basePath, props.onPatch, props.onDelete, props.loading),
+      )}
       </div>
     </section>
   `;
@@ -194,17 +200,17 @@ function renderRow(
   return html`
     <div class="table-row">
       <div class="mono">${canLink
-        ? html`<a href=${chatUrl} class="session-link">${displayName}</a>`
-        : displayName}</div>
+      ? html`<a href=${chatUrl} class="session-link">${displayName}</a>`
+      : displayName}</div>
       <div>
         <input
           .value=${row.label ?? ""}
           ?disabled=${disabled}
-          placeholder="(optional)"
+          placeholder=${t("sessions.optional")}
           @change=${(e: Event) => {
-            const value = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value.trim();
-            onPatch(row.key, { label: value || null });
-          }}
+      const value = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value.trim();
+      onPatch(row.key, { label: value || null });
+    }}
         />
       </div>
       <div>${row.kind}</div>
@@ -215,15 +221,15 @@ function renderRow(
           .value=${thinking}
           ?disabled=${disabled}
           @change=${(e: Event) => {
-            const value = (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value;
-            onPatch(row.key, {
-              thinkingLevel: resolveThinkLevelPatchValue(value, isBinaryThinking),
-            });
-          }}
+      const value = (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+      onPatch(row.key, {
+        thinkingLevel: resolveThinkLevelPatchValue(value, isBinaryThinking),
+      });
+    }}
         >
           ${thinkLevels.map((level) =>
-            html`<option value=${level}>${level || "inherit"}</option>`,
-          )}
+      html`<option value=${level}>${level ? t(`sessions.thinkingLevels.${level}`) : t("common.inherit")}</option>`,
+    )}
         </select>
       </div>
       <div>
@@ -231,13 +237,13 @@ function renderRow(
           .value=${verbose}
           ?disabled=${disabled}
           @change=${(e: Event) => {
-            const value = (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value;
-            onPatch(row.key, { verboseLevel: value || null });
-          }}
+      const value = (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+      onPatch(row.key, { verboseLevel: value || null });
+    }}
         >
           ${VERBOSE_LEVELS.map(
-            (level) => html`<option value=${level.value}>${level.label}</option>`,
-          )}
+      (level) => html`<option value=${level.value}>${t(level.label)}</option>`,
+    )}
         </select>
       </div>
       <div>
@@ -245,18 +251,18 @@ function renderRow(
           .value=${reasoning}
           ?disabled=${disabled}
           @change=${(e: Event) => {
-            const value = (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value;
-            onPatch(row.key, { reasoningLevel: value || null });
-          }}
+      const value = (e.target as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+      onPatch(row.key, { reasoningLevel: value || null });
+    }}
         >
           ${REASONING_LEVELS.map((level) =>
-            html`<option value=${level}>${level || "inherit"}</option>`,
-          )}
+      html`<option value=${level.value}>${t(level.label)}</option>`,
+    )}
         </select>
       </div>
       <div>
         <button class="btn danger" ?disabled=${disabled} @click=${() => onDelete(row.key)}>
-          Delete
+          ${t("common.delete")}
         </button>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/ui/views/skills.ts b/ui/src/ui/views/skills.ts
index cfc024cb1..2d70ac01a 100644
--- a/ui/src/ui/views/skills.ts
+++ b/ui/src/ui/views/skills.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { html, nothing } from "lit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 import { clampText } from "../format";
 import type { SkillStatusEntry, SkillStatusReport } from "../types";
@@ -25,45 +26,45 @@ export function renderSkills(props: SkillsProps) {
   const filter = props.filter.trim().toLowerCase();
   const filtered = filter
     ? skills.filter((skill) =>
-        [skill.name, skill.description, skill.source]
-          .join(" ")
-          .toLowerCase()
-          .includes(filter),
-      )
+      [skill.name, skill.description, skill.source]
+        .join(" ")
+        .toLowerCase()
+        .includes(filter),
+    )
     : skills;
 
   return html`
     <section class="card">
       <div class="row" style="justify-content: space-between;">
         <div>
-          <div class="card-title">Skills</div>
-          <div class="card-sub">Bundled, managed, and workspace skills.</div>
+          <div class="card-title">${t("skills.title")}</div>
+          <div class="card-sub">${t("skills.subtitle")}</div>
         </div>
         <button class="btn" ?disabled=${props.loading} @click=${props.onRefresh}>
-          ${props.loading ? "Loading…" : "Refresh"}
+          ${props.loading ? t("common.loading") : t("common.refresh")}
         </button>
       </div>
 
       <div class="filters" style="margin-top: 14px;">
         <label class="field" style="flex: 1;">
-          <span>Filter</span>
+          <span>${t("skills.filter")}</span>
           <input
             .value=${props.filter}
             @input=${(e: Event) =>
-              props.onFilterChange((e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
-            placeholder="Search skills"
+      props.onFilterChange((e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
+            placeholder=${t("skills.searchPlaceholder")}
           />
         </label>
-        <div class="muted">${filtered.length} shown</div>
+        <div class="muted">${t("skills.shown", { count: filtered.length })}</div>
       </div>
 
       ${props.error
-        ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">${props.error}</div>`
-        : nothing}
+      ? html`<div class="callout danger" style="margin-top: 12px;">${props.error}</div>`
+      : nothing}
 
       ${filtered.length === 0
-        ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 16px;">No skills found.</div>`
-        : html`
+      ? html`<div class="muted" style="margin-top: 16px;">${t("skills.noSkills")}</div>`
+      : html`
             <div class="list" style="margin-top: 16px;">
               ${filtered.map((skill) => renderSkill(skill, props))}
             </div>
@@ -85,36 +86,36 @@ function renderSkill(skill: SkillStatusEntry, props: SkillsProps) {
     ...skill.missing.os.map((o) => `os:${o}`),
   ];
   const reasons: string[] = [];
-  if (skill.disabled) reasons.push("disabled");
-  if (skill.blockedByAllowlist) reasons.push("blocked by allowlist");
+  if (skill.disabled) reasons.push(t("skills.reasonDisabled"));
+  if (skill.blockedByAllowlist) reasons.push(t("skills.reasonAllowlist"));
   return html`
     <div class="list-item">
       <div class="list-main">
         <div class="list-title">
-          ${skill.emoji ? `${skill.emoji} ` : ""}${skill.name}
+          ${skill.emoji ? `${skill.emoji} ` : ""}${t(`skills.names.${skill.skillKey}`) !== `skills.names.${skill.skillKey}` ? t(`skills.names.${skill.skillKey}`) : skill.name}
         </div>
-        <div class="list-sub">${clampText(skill.description, 140)}</div>
+        <div class="list-sub">${clampText((t(`skills.descriptions.${skill.skillKey}`) !== `skills.descriptions.${skill.skillKey}` ? t(`skills.descriptions.${skill.skillKey}`) : skill.description), 140)}</div>
         <div class="chip-row" style="margin-top: 6px;">
           <span class="chip">${skill.source}</span>
           <span class="chip ${skill.eligible ? "chip-ok" : "chip-warn"}">
-            ${skill.eligible ? "eligible" : "blocked"}
+            ${skill.eligible ? t("skills.eligible") : t("skills.blocked")}
           </span>
-          ${skill.disabled ? html`<span class="chip chip-warn">disabled</span>` : nothing}
+          ${skill.disabled ? html`<span class="chip chip-warn">${t("skills.disabled")}</span>` : nothing}
         </div>
         ${missing.length > 0
-          ? html`
+      ? html`
               <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 6px;">
-                Missing: ${missing.join(", ")}
+                ${t("skills.missing")} ${missing.join(", ")}
               </div>
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         ${reasons.length > 0
-          ? html`
+      ? html`
               <div class="muted" style="margin-top: 6px;">
-                Reason: ${reasons.join(", ")}
+                ${t("skills.reason")} ${reasons.join(", ")}
               </div>
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       </div>
       <div class="list-meta">
         <div class="row" style="justify-content: flex-end; flex-wrap: wrap;">
@@ -123,40 +124,39 @@ function renderSkill(skill: SkillStatusEntry, props: SkillsProps) {
             ?disabled=${busy}
             @click=${() => props.onToggle(skill.skillKey, skill.disabled)}
           >
-            ${skill.disabled ? "Enable" : "Disable"}
+            ${skill.disabled ? t("skills.enable") : t("skills.disable")}
           </button>
           ${canInstall
-            ? html`<button
+      ? html`<button
                 class="btn"
                 ?disabled=${busy}
                 @click=${() =>
-                  props.onInstall(skill.skillKey, skill.name, skill.install[0].id)}
+          props.onInstall(skill.skillKey, skill.name, skill.install[0].id)}
               >
-                ${busy ? "Installing…" : skill.install[0].label}
+                ${busy ? t("skills.installing") : skill.install[0].label}
               </button>`
-            : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         </div>
         ${message
-          ? html`<div
+      ? html`<div
               class="muted"
-              style="margin-top: 8px; color: ${
-                message.kind === "error"
-                  ? "var(--danger-color, #d14343)"
-                  : "var(--success-color, #0a7f5a)"
-              };"
+              style="margin-top: 8px; color: ${message.kind === "error"
+          ? "var(--danger-color, #d14343)"
+          : "var(--success-color, #0a7f5a)"
+        };"
             >
               ${message.message}
             </div>`
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
         ${skill.primaryEnv
-          ? html`
+      ? html`
               <div class="field" style="margin-top: 10px;">
-                <span>API key</span>
+                <span>${t("skills.apiKey")}</span>
                 <input
                   type="password"
                   .value=${apiKey}
                   @input=${(e: Event) =>
-                    props.onEdit(skill.skillKey, (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
+          props.onEdit(skill.skillKey, (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value)}
                 />
               </div>
               <button
@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@ function renderSkill(skill: SkillStatusEntry, props: SkillsProps) {
                 ?disabled=${busy}
                 @click=${() => props.onSaveKey(skill.skillKey)}
               >
-                Save key
+                ${t("skills.saveKey")}
               </button>
             `
-          : nothing}
+      : nothing}
       </div>
     </div>
   `;